Letter · January 44 BC · in Illyria

Ad Familiares 5.10a

Ad Familiares 5.10a

Headnote

Publius Vatinius to Cicero, written early in 44 BC from his Illyrian command (Latin Library: in Illyria ineunte a. 709; for the Caesar of the letter, this is the dictator’s last winter). The letter is incoming, not outgoing, and follows on directly from the patron-client business opened in Ad Fam. 5.9 (July 45 BC) and 5.11 (sent on afterwards). Vatinius reports on three things Cicero has put on his desk from Rome: a missing reader (Dionysius) who has run off, a defence Cicero wants him to forgo against one Catilius, and the supplicatio Caesar has so far refused to vote him for the Dalmatian campaign. The Catilius half is the centre of the letter — Vatinius pulls back, rhetorically, at the idea of sparing a man he calls “a monkey, not even a man” (simius, non semissis homo), who has slaughtered Roman citizens, sacked towns, and taken arms against him on the Adriatic. He yields the request, as a favour to his patron, but with a small flare of military pride: had he the front of his predecessor Appius Claudius Pulcher (governor of Illyricum 57–56 BC), he could not look the victims in the face. The pique against Caesar at the end — “as if I had not earned the most lawful triumph in Dalmatia!” — is candid: he names twenty old Dalmatian towns and sixty newer ones still to take, and asks whether the standard for a supplicatio has suddenly tightened only for him. Two months later Caesar will be dead, and the question of Vatinius’s triumph will pass to the Senate his patron is busy reorganising.

If you and the army are well, all is well. About your Dionysius, I have so far made out nothing — the less for the fact that the Dalmatian cold which drove me out of there has chilled me here as well; but I will not give up until at some point I dig him out. Even so, what you set me is hard going at every turn. About Catilius, you have written me I don’t know what kind of most painstaking plea for mercy. Out with it — you and our friend Sextus Servilius too (for, by Hercules, I am fond of him as well): are these the kinds of clients, are these the kinds of cases, you two are taking on? A man, the cruellest of all men, who has cut down so many freeborn citizens, mothers of households, Roman citizens; carried them off, scattered them, laid whole districts waste? A monkey, not even half a man, took up arms against me, and I took him in war. Even so, my dear Cicero, what can I do? By Hercules, I want every single thing you set before me; the punishment, the death-sentence I was going to use on the man I had taken, I waive and make over to you. But what am I to answer to those who, on the strength of their goods looted, their ships boarded and stormed, their brothers and children and parents murdered, are demanding their day in court? If, by Hercules, I had the brass of an Appius — in whose place I have been put as successor — even so I could not bear up under this. So what is it to be? I will see honestly to everything I know you want. He is being defended by Quintus Volusius, your old pupil, if perchance the thing manages to put the other side to flight; in him our best hope lies. And me, if there is anything that needs doing at your end, you will defend. Caesar is still doing me a wrong: he has so far made no report on my thanksgivings and my Dalmatian operations, as if I had not, in Dalmatia, fought campaigns worthy of the most lawful of triumphs! For if we are to wait until I have finished off the whole war: there are twenty ancient towns of Dalmatia, and more than sixty that they have annexed to themselves — if I do not storm every one of them, and if I am not voted my thanksgivings, then I am on terms far other than the rest of our generals.
S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. De Dionysio tuo adhuc nihil extrico, et eo minus, quod me frigus Dalmaticum, quod illinc eiecit, etiam hic refrigeravit; sed tamen non desistam, quin illum aliquando eruam. Sed tamen omnia mihi dura imperas: de Catilio nescio quid ad me scripsisti deprecationis diligentissimae. Apage te cum nostro Sex. Servilio — nam mehercule ego quoque illum amo —; sed huiuscemodi vos clientes, huiusmodi causas recipitis? hominem unum omnium crudelissimum, qui tot ingenuos, matresfamilias, cives Romanos occidit, abripuit, disperdidit, regiones vastavit? simius, non semissis homo, contra me arma tulit, et eum bello cepi. Sed tamen, mi Cicero, quid facere possum? Omnia mehercule cupio, quae tu mihi imperas; meam animadversionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in eum, quem cepissem, remitto tibi et condono: quid illis respondere possum, qui ob sua bona direpta, naves expugnatas, fratres, liberos, parentes occisos actiones expostulant? Si mehercules Appii os haberem, in cuius locum suffectus sum, tamen hoc sustinere non possem. Quid ergo est? Faciam omnia sedulo, quae te sciam velle. Defenditur a Q. Volusio, tuo discipulo, si forte ea res poterit adversarios fugare; in eo maxima spes est. Nos, si quid erit istic opus, tu defendes: Caesar adhuc mihi iniuriam facit; de meis supplicationibus et rebus gestis Dalmaticis adhuc non refert, quasi vero non iustissimi triumphi in Dalmatia res gesserim! nam, si hoc exspectandum est, dum totum bellum conficiam, viginti oppida sunt Dalmatiae antiqua, quae ipsi sibi asciverunt, amplius sexaginta: haec nisi omnia expugno, si mihi supplicationes non decernuntur, longe alia condicione ego sum ac ceteri imperatores.

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Ad Familiares 5.10a

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