Age 20. Studying in Rome under Q. Mucius Scaevola the Augur, the great jurist of the age, and reading philosophy under the Epicurean Phaedrus and the Stoic Diodotus. Marius dies in January at his seventh consulship; the civil war between the Marians and the absent Sulla grinds on in Italy. Cicero's youthful verse translation of Aratus belongs somewhere in this period.

phil Aratea (Translation of Aratus' Phaenomena) 86 BC

Age 21. Still in legal and philosophical training; not yet ready for the courts. The youthful rhetorical handbook De Inventione is drafted in this period and Cicero will later disown it as immature.

rhet On Invention 85 BC

Age 25. First surviving case: Pro Quinctio, a private suit over a Gallic farming partnership, argued under Sulla's dictatorship. The political climate is dangerous and Cicero is feeling his way.

speech For Publius Quinctius 81 BC

Age 26. Pro Roscio Amerino — his first capital defence — daring to expose Sulla's freedman Chrysogonus as the man behind a parricide charge framed against an innocent landowner. The acquittal makes Cicero's reputation.

speech For Sextus Roscius of Ameria 80 BC

Age 30. Back at the Roman bar after two years of travel and study in Greece and Asia (Athens, Rhodes, with Apollonius Molon). Pro Roscio Comoedo, a civil case for the famous comic actor Roscius.

speech For Quintus Roscius the Comic Actor 76 BC

Age 35. Returned to Rome from a brief absence and preparing the case of his career: the prosecution of Verres, the rapacious ex-governor of Sicily, on behalf of the provincials.

speech For Marcus Tullius 71 BC

Age 36. Prosecutes Verres for extortion — the case so well prepared, and the surviving five "second hearing" books so devastating, that Verres flees into exile before the trial concludes. Displaces Hortensius as Rome's leading advocate.

speech Against Caecilius (Divinatio) January 70 BC speech Against Verres, First Hearing 5 August 70 BC speech Against Verres, Second Hearing, Book I November 70 BC speech Against Verres, Second Hearing, Book II November 70 BC speech Against Verres, Second Hearing, Book III November 70 BC speech Against Verres, Second Hearing, Book IV November 70 BC speech Against Verres, Second Hearing, Book V November 70 BC

Age 37. Curule aedile, responsible for the games and the city's grain supply. Defends Caecina in a property dispute that turns on questions of legal interpretation; defends Fonteius, ex-governor of Gaul, on extortion charges.

speech For Aulus Caecina 69 BC speech For Marcus Fonteius 69 BC

Age 39. The earliest surviving letters — to Atticus, his closest friend, then in Greece — begin in this year, and run almost without interruption until his death.

letters 8 letters Jan–Jul

1.   Ad Atticum 1.6 January 67 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 1.7 13 February 67 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 1.8 13 February 67 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 1.9 March 67 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 1.10 67 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 1.11 July 67 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 1.3 67 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 1.5 67 BC

Age 40. Praetor (head of the standing court for extortion). Pro Lege Manilia (a.k.a. De Imperio Cn. Pompei) — his first major political speech, in support of giving Pompey the supreme command against Mithridates.

speech On the Manilian Law (On the Command of Pompey) 66 BC speech For Aulus Cluentius 66 BC

letters 1 letter

1.   Ad Atticum 1.4 66 BC

Age 41. Quietly building toward the consulship of 63 BC, courting the senatorial nobility while continuing to defend equestrian clients.

letters 2 letters Jul

1.   Ad Atticum 1.1 July 65 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 1.2 65 BC

Age 43. Consul. The Catilinarian conspiracy unfolds across the year — four speeches against Catiline survive, the senatus consultum ultimum is invoked, the conspirators are executed without trial in December. Cicero is hailed as pater patriae and is at the height of his political power.

speech On the Agrarian Law, First Speech January 63 BC speech On the Agrarian Law, Second Speech January 63 BC speech On the Agrarian Law, Third Speech January 63 BC speech For Gaius Rabirius on a Charge of High Treason 63 BC speech Against Catiline, First Speech 8 November 63 BC speech Against Catiline, Second Speech 9 November 63 BC speech For Lucius Murena November 63 BC speech Against Catiline, Third Speech 3 December 63 BC speech Against Catiline, Fourth Speech 5 December 63 BC

Age 44. Aftermath of Catiline. Pro Sulla (defending a relative of the dictator against conspiracy charges); Pro Archia (the poet's citizenship case, with its famous defence of literary culture). The political ground is beginning to shift against him.

letters 4 letters Jan–Apr

1.   Ad Familiares 5.1 January 62 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 5.2 13 February 62 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 5.7 April 62 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 7.23 62 BC

speech For Publius Sulla 62 BC speech For the Poet Aulus Licinius Archias 62 BC

letters 2 letters Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 5.5 13 December 62 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 5.6 13 December 62 BC

Age 45. The Bona Dea scandal: Clodius is tried for sacrilege after infiltrating the women's rite in disguise. Cicero testifies against him and breaks Clodius's alibi — and so makes a permanent and deadly enemy.

letters 6 letters Jan–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 1.12 1 January 61 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 1.13 27 January 61 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 1.14 13 February 61 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 1.15 15 March 61 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 1.16 61 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 1.17 5 December 61 BC

Age 46. The First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus) is formed in secret. Caesar courts Cicero to join — Cicero refuses, preferring the senate. De Consulatu Suo, an autobiographical poem on his consulship.

letters 5 letters Feb–Jun

1.   Ad Atticum 1.18 1 February 60 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 1.19 15 March 60 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 1.20 13 May 60 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 2.1 June 60 BC
5.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 1.1 60 BC

phil On His Consulship 60 BC

letters 2 letters Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 2.2 December 60 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 2.3 December 60 BC

Age 47. Caesar's consulship: the agrarian laws, the ratification of Pompey's eastern arrangements, the recognition of Ptolemy XII Auletes. Cicero increasingly isolated; the daily letters to Atticus begin in earnest, full of political reportage.

letters 15 letters Mar–May

1.   Ad Atticum 2.10 21 March 59 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 2.4 April 59 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 2.5 April 59 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 2.6 April 59 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 2.7 April 59 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 2.8 April 59 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 2.9 April 59 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 2.12 19 April 59 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 2.11 26 April 59 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 2.13 27 April 59 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 2.14 28 April 59 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 2.15 29 April 59 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 2.16 May 59 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 2.17 May 59 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 2.20 59 BC

speech For Lucius Flaccus 59 BC

letters 9 letters Jul–Oct

1.   Ad Atticum 2.18 15 July 59 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 2.19 July 59 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 2.21 25 July 59 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 2.25 October 59 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 2.22 18 October 59 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 2.23 18 October 59 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 2.24 18 October 59 BC
8.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 1.2 27 October 59 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 13.43 59 BC

Age 48. Clodius, now tribune, drives Cicero into exile in March on a law retroactively punishing the execution of citizens without trial. Cicero flees first to Thessalonica, then to Dyrrachium. The year is dominated by anguished exile letters to Atticus, Terentia, and his brother Quintus.

letters 34 letters Mar–Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 13.44 58 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.42 58 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 3.1 58 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 13.41 58 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 14.4 1 March 58 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 3.3 5 April 58 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 3.2 8 April 58 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 3.5 10 April 58 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 3.4 13 April 58 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 3.6 18 April 58 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 3.7 1 May 58 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 3.8 29 May 58 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 3.9 13 June 58 BC
14.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 1.3 13 June 58 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 3.11 28 June 58 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 3.10 1 July 58 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 3.12 17 July 58 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 3.14 23 July 58 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 3.13 5 August 58 BC
20.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 1.4 August 58 BC
21.   Ad Atticum 3.15 19 August 58 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 3.16 21 August 58 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 3.17 4 September 58 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 3.18 September 58 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 3.19 16 September 58 BC
26.   Ad Atticum 3.20 4 October 58 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 3.21 28 October 58 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 14.2 58 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 14.1 25 November 58 BC
30.   Ad Atticum 3.22 26 November 58 BC
31.   Ad Atticum 3.23 1 December 58 BC
32.   Ad Familiares 14.3 1 December 58 BC
33.   Ad Atticum 3.24 13 December 58 BC
34.   Ad Atticum 3.25 31 December 58 BC

Age 49. After a year of frantic effort by his allies in Rome — chiefly Pompey, his brother Quintus, and the tribune T. Annius Milo — Cicero is recalled from exile on 4 August. Speeches of thanks to the senate and people, and the long Pro Domo Sua defending his right to recover his demolished town house.

letters 3 letters Jan–Apr

1.   Ad Atticum 3.26 January 57 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 3.27 January 57 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 5.4 April 57 BC

speech On His Return: To the Senate 5 September 57 BC speech On His Return: To the Citizens 7 September 57 BC

letters 1 letter Sep

1.   Ad Atticum 4.1 September 57 BC

speech On His House 29 September 57 BC

letters 4 letters Oct–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 4.2 October 57 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 4.3 26 November 57 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 5.17 57 BC
4.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.1 December 57 BC

Age 50. Conference of Luca in April renews the Triumvirate and forces Cicero, leaned on by Pompey, to recant his opposition to Caesar's laws — what he later calls his "palinode." Pro Sestio defends his recall; Pro Caelio, the most theatrical of the speeches, demolishes Clodia.

letters 9 letters Jan–Feb

1.   Ad Familiares 1.1 13 January 56 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 1.3 January 56 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 1.2 17 January 56 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 1.4 18 January 56 BC
5.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.2 19 January 56 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 4.4 30 January 56 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 1.5a 5 February 56 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 1.5b 10 February 56 BC
9.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.3 12 February 56 BC

speech Against Vatinius March 56 BC speech For Publius Sestius March 56 BC

letters 2 letters Mar

1.   Ad Familiares 1.6 March 56 BC
2.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.4 March 56 BC

speech For Marcus Caelius 4 April 56 BC

letters 7 letters Apr–May

1.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.5 8 April 56 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 4.4A April 56 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 4.5 April 56 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 4.6 April 56 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 4.7 April 56 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 4.8 April 56 BC
7.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.6 May 56 BC

speech On the Consular Provinces June 56 BC

letters 1 letter Jun

1.   Ad Familiares 5.12 June 56 BC

speech On the Responses of the Haruspices 56 BC phil Marius lost 56 BC speech For Lucius Cornelius Balbus 56 BC

letters 6 letters Jul–Oct

1.   Ad Familiares 1.7 July 56 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.51 56 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 7.3 1 September 56 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 4.8A October 56 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 13.6 56 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 5.3 56 BC

Age 51. De Oratore drafted, his first major rhetorical treatise, set in 91 BC at the villa of L. Licinius Crassus among the great orators of the previous generation. Caesar pushes deep into Gaul; Crassus marches east toward Parthia.

letters 8 letters Jan–May

1.   Ad Familiares 1.8 January 55 BC
2.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.7 February 55 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 16.13 10 April 55 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 4.10 23 April 55 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 4.9 28 April 55 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 4.11 1 May 55 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 4.12 May 55 BC
8.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.8 May 55 BC

rhet On the Orator 55 BC speech Against Piso 55 BC

letters 3 letters Oct–Nov

1.   Ad Familiares 13.40 55 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 7.1 October 55 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 4.13 15 November 55 BC

Age 52. De Re Publica underway, the Scipionic dialogue on the ideal constitution. Caesar campaigns in Britain; Cicero's brother Quintus serves on Caesar's staff in Gaul and writes lively letters home.

letters 28 letters Jan–Jun

1.   Ad Familiares 5.8 January 54 BC
2.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.9 February 54 BC
3.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.10 13 February 54 BC
4.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.11 14 February 54 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 7.5 April 54 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 4.14 May 54 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 7.6 May 54 BC
8.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.12 May 54 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 7.7 June 54 BC
10.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.13 June 54 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 13.11 54 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 13.12 54 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 13.13 54 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 13.14 54 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 13.16 54 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 13.45 54 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 13.46 54 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 13.55 54 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 13.56 54 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 13.61 54 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 13.62 54 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 13.64 54 BC
23.   Ad Familiares 13.65 54 BC
24.   Ad Familiares 13.73 54 BC
25.   Ad Familiares 13.74 54 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 13.76 54 BC
27.   Ad Familiares 15.8 54 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 15.9 54 BC

phil On the Commonwealth 54 BC phil On His Times lost 54 BC

letters 1 letter

1.   Letter to Caesar about Milo (lost) 54 BC

phil Epic to Caesar (lost) lost 54 BC phil British-Campaign Epic (lost) lost 54 BC rhet The Subdivisions of Oratory 54 BC speech For Gnaeus Plancius 54 BC speech For Gaius Rabirius Postumus 54 BC speech For Marcus Aemilius Scaurus 54 BC

letters 23 letters Jul–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 4.16 15 July 54 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 4.15 27 July 54 BC
3.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.14 27 July 54 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 7.8 July 54 BC
5.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 2.15 August 54 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 7.9 September 54 BC
7.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.1 September 54 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 4.17 1 October 54 BC
9.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.2 11 October 54 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 4.18 October 54 BC
11.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.7 October 54 BC
12.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.4 24 October 54 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 7.17 October 54 BC
14.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.3 1 November 54 BC
15.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.5 (combined with 3.6 as the single SB letter 3.5b) November 54 BC
16.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.6 (combined with 3.5 in modern editions) November 54 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 4.19 November 54 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 7.16 November 54 BC
19.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.8 November 54 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 1.9 December 54 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 1.10 December 54 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 7.10 December 54 BC
23.   Ad Quintum Fratrem 3.9 December 54 BC

Age 53. Crassus killed at Carrhae in a catastrophic Roman defeat to the Parthians; the Triumvirate is reduced to Caesar and Pompey, with no buffer between them. Pro Plancio.

letters 17 letters Jan–Jul

1.   Ad Familiares 2.4 53 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 7.11 January 53 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 2.5 53 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 3.1 53 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 7.13 4 March 53 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 2.6 53 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 7.18 8 April 53 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 16.14 11 April 53 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 16.15 13 April 53 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 16.10 17 April 53 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 7.12 53 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 16.16 May 53 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 7.15 June 53 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 7.14 July 53 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 2.1 53 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 2.2 53 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 2.3 53 BC

Age 54. Clodius murdered by Milo's henchmen on the Appian Way; Pompey appointed sole consul to restore order. Pro Milone — the version delivered in the rioting Forum failed; Cicero later publishes the polished text we have. De Legibus begun.

letters 3 letters Mar

1.   Ad Familiares 5.16 March 52 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 7.27 March 52 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 5.18 March 52 BC

speech For Titus Annius Milo April 52 BC

letters 2 letters Apr

1.   Ad Familiares 13.2 April 52 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.3 April 52 BC

phil On the Laws 52 BC

letters 1 letter

1.   Ad Familiares 13.75 52 BC

Age 55. Reluctant proconsul of Cilicia (taking up office on 31 July). Letters home from his governorship — to Atticus, Caelius, Cato — are full of irritation at the burden, pride in his light hand on the provincials, and growing alarm at the political news from Rome.

letters 50 letters Feb–Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 7.2 February 51 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 3.2 March 51 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 13.47 March 51 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 5.8 51 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 5.1 6 May 51 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 5.2 10 May 51 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 5.3 11 May 51 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 5.4 12 May 51 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 5.5 14 May 51 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 5.6 19 May 51 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 5.7 22 May 51 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 3.3 22 May 51 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 8.1 24 May 51 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 3.4 5 June 51 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 8.3 10 June 51 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 8.2 June 51 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 5.9 17 June 51 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 5.10 1 July 51 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 5.11 6 July 51 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 2.8 6 July 51 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 13.1 6 July 51 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 5.12 July 51 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 5.13 26 July 51 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 5.14 27 July 51 BC
25.   Ad Familiares 3.5 27 July 51 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 8.4 1 August 51 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 5.15 3 August 51 BC
28.   Ad Atticum 5.16 11 August 51 BC
29.   Ad Atticum 5.17 12 August 51 BC
30.   Ad Familiares 8.5 13 August 51 BC
31.   Ad Familiares 15.3 30 August 51 BC
32.   Ad Familiares 3.6 31 August 51 BC
33.   Ad Familiares 8.9 2 September 51 BC
34.   Ad Familiares 15.1 19 September 51 BC
35.   Ad Atticum 5.18 21 September 51 BC
36.   Ad Familiares 15.7 21 September 51 BC
37.   Ad Familiares 15.12 September 51 BC
38.   Ad Atticum 5.19 22 September 51 BC
39.   Ad Familiares 15.2 22 September 51 BC
40.   Ad Familiares 8.8 October 51 BC
41.   Ad Familiares 3.8 8 October 51 BC
42.   Ad Familiares 13.53 51 BC
43.   Ad Familiares 15.14 October 51 BC
44.   Ad Familiares 2.9 13 November 51 BC
45.   Ad Familiares 2.10 15 November 51 BC
46.   Ad Familiares 8.10 18 November 51 BC
47.   Ad Familiares 15.10 51 BC
48.   Ad Familiares 15.4 December 51 BC
49.   Ad Familiares 2.7 19 December 51 BC
50.   Ad Atticum 5.20 21 December 51 BC

Age 56. Returns from Cilicia in late autumn, having celebrated a small military victory in the Amanus mountains and angled (mostly in vain) for a triumph. The break between Caesar and Pompey looms; the letters chart his agonized hesitation between the two.

letters 60 letters Jan–Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 15.13 January 50 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.9 January 50 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 13.54 11 February 50 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 13.58 11 February 50 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 13.59 11 February 50 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.63 11 February 50 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 7.32 12 February 50 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 5.21 13 February 50 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 3.7 13 February 50 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 9.25 13 February 50 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 2.14 February 50 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 8.6 February 50 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 3.9 20 February 50 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 6.1 24 February 50 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 3.10 April 50 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 2.11 4 April 50 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 13.57 April 50 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 8.11 30 April 50 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 15.5 30 April 50 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 2.18 May 50 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 8.7 May 50 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 2.13 4 May 50 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 6.2 May 50 BC
24.   Ad Familiares 8.13 1 June 50 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 6.4 5 June 50 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 3.11 13 June 50 BC
27.   Ad Familiares 2.19 22 June 50 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 2.12 26 June 50 BC
29.   Ad Atticum 6.3 27 June 50 BC
30.   Ad Atticum 6.5 27 June 50 BC
31.   Ad Familiares 2.17 17 July 50 BC
32.   Ad Atticum 6.7 30 July 50 BC
33.   Ad Familiares 15.6 1 August 50 BC
34.   Ad Familiares 15.11 August 50 BC
35.   Ad Familiares 2.15 4 August 50 BC
36.   Ad Familiares 3.12 4 August 50 BC
37.   Ad Atticum 6.6 10 August 50 BC
38.   Ad Familiares 3.13 10 August 50 BC
39.   Ad Familiares 8.12 20 September 50 BC
40.   Ad Familiares 8.14 24 September 50 BC
41.   Ad Atticum 6.8 1 October 50 BC
42.   Ad Atticum 6.9 15 October 50 BC
43.   Ad Atticum 7.1 16 October 50 BC
44.   Ad Familiares 14.5 16 October 50 BC
45.   Ad Familiares 16.1 3 November 50 BC
46.   Ad Familiares 16.2 5 November 50 BC
47.   Ad Familiares 16.3 6 November 50 BC
48.   Ad Familiares 16.4 7 November 50 BC
49.   Ad Familiares 16.5 7 November 50 BC
50.   Ad Familiares 16.6 7 November 50 BC
51.   Ad Familiares 16.7 17 November 50 BC
52.   Ad Atticum 7.2 27 November 50 BC
53.   Ad Familiares 16.9 28 November 50 BC
54.   Ad Atticum 7.3 9 December 50 BC
55.   Ad Atticum 7.4 11 December 50 BC
56.   Ad Atticum 7.5 18 December 50 BC
57.   Ad Atticum 7.6 19 December 50 BC
58.   Ad Atticum 7.7 21 December 50 BC
59.   Ad Atticum 7.8 28 December 50 BC
60.   Ad Atticum 7.9 29 December 50 BC

Age 57. Civil war begins on 10 January, when Caesar crosses the Rubicon. After months of deliberation — recorded in letter after letter to Atticus — Cicero finally crosses the Adriatic in June to join Pompey's camp in Greece. He is miserable there.

letters 83 letters Jan–Jun

1.   Ad Familiares 5.20 4 January 49 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 16.11 12 January 49 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 16.8 January 49 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 7.10 18 January 49 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 7.11 21 January 49 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 7.12 23 January 49 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 7.13 24 January 49 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 14.18 24 January 49 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 14.14 25 January 49 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 7.14 27 January 49 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 7.15 28 January 49 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 7.16 29 January 49 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 16.12 29 January 49 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 7.17 2 February 49 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 7.18 3 February 49 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 7.19 3 February 49 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 7.20 5 February 49 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 7.21 8 February 49 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 7.22 8 February 49 BC
20.   Ad Atticum 7.23 9 February 49 BC
21.   Ad Atticum 7.24 10 February 49 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 7.25 11 February 49 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 7.26 15 February 49 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 8.1 16 February 49 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 8.2 17 February 49 BC
26.   Ad Atticum 8.3 18 February 49 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 8.6 21 February 49 BC
28.   Ad Atticum 8.4 22 February 49 BC
29.   Ad Atticum 8.5 23 February 49 BC
30.   Ad Atticum 8.7 23 February 49 BC
31.   Ad Atticum 8.8 24 February 49 BC
32.   Ad Atticum 8.9 25 February 49 BC
33.   Ad Atticum 8.10 26 February 49 BC
34.   Ad Atticum 8.12 28 February 49 BC
35.   Ad Atticum 8.11 1 March 49 BC
36.   Ad Atticum 8.13 1 March 49 BC
37.   Ad Atticum 8.14 2 March 49 BC
38.   Ad Atticum 8.15 3 March 49 BC
39.   Ad Atticum 8.16 4 March 49 BC
40.   Ad Atticum 9.1 6 March 49 BC
41.   Ad Atticum 9.2 7 March 49 BC
42.   Ad Atticum 9.3 9 March 49 BC
43.   Ad Familiares 8.15 9 March 49 BC
44.   Ad Atticum 9.5 10 March 49 BC
45.   Ad Atticum 9.6 11 March 49 BC
46.   Ad Atticum 9.4 12 March 49 BC
47.   Ad Atticum 9.7 13 March 49 BC
48.   Ad Atticum 9.8 14 March 49 BC
49.   Ad Atticum 9.9 17 March 49 BC
50.   Ad Atticum 9.10 18 March 49 BC
51.   Ad Atticum 9.11 20 March 49 BC
52.   Ad Atticum 9.12 20 March 49 BC
53.   Ad Atticum 9.13 24 March 49 BC
54.   Ad Atticum 9.14 25 March 49 BC
55.   Ad Atticum 9.15 25 March 49 BC
56.   Ad Atticum 9.16 26 March 49 BC
57.   Ad Atticum 9.17 27 March 49 BC
58.   Ad Atticum 9.18 28 March 49 BC
59.   Ad Atticum 9.19 31 March 49 BC
60.   Ad Atticum 10.1 3 April 49 BC
61.   Ad Familiares 4.1 5 April 49 BC
62.   Ad Atticum 10.2 6 April 49 BC
63.   Ad Atticum 10.3 7 April 49 BC
64.   Ad Atticum 10.4 15 April 49 BC
65.   Ad Atticum 10.6 April 49 BC
66.   Ad Familiares 8.16 16 April 49 BC
67.   Ad Atticum 10.5 17 April 49 BC
68.   Ad Atticum 10.7 23 April 49 BC
69.   Ad Familiares 4.2 28 April 49 BC
70.   Ad Familiares 5.19 28 April 49 BC
71.   Ad Atticum 10.8 2 May 49 BC
72.   Ad Atticum 10.9 3 May 49 BC
73.   Ad Atticum 10.10 3 May 49 BC
74.   Ad Atticum 10.11 4 May 49 BC
75.   Ad Familiares 2.16 4 May 49 BC
76.   Ad Atticum 10.12 5 May 49 BC
77.   Ad Atticum 10.13 7 May 49 BC
78.   Ad Atticum 10.14 8 May 49 BC
79.   Ad Atticum 10.15 12 May 49 BC
80.   Ad Atticum 10.16 14 May 49 BC
81.   Ad Atticum 10.17 16 May 49 BC
82.   Ad Atticum 10.18 20 May 49 BC
83.   Ad Familiares 14.7 7 June 49 BC

Age 58. Pompey defeated at Pharsalus on 9 August; Cicero, who has been ill in the camp at Dyrrachium, declines Cato's offer of command of the surviving fleet and returns instead to Italy, where he waits at Brundisium for Caesar's pardon.

letters 15 letters Jan–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 11.1 13 January 48 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 8.17 February 48 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 11.2 5 February 48 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 11.3 13 June 48 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 9.9 June 48 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 14.6 14 July 48 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 11.4 15 July 48 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 11.5 4 November 48 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 14.12 5 November 48 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 11.6 28 November 48 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 14.19 28 November 48 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 14.9 17 December 48 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 11.7 19 December 48 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 11.8 19 December 48 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 14.17 December 48 BC

Age 59. Stuck at Brundisium most of the year, ill and despondent, while Caesar is occupied in Egypt and then in Pontus (veni, vidi, vici). Permitted to return to Rome in September after the dictator's landing in Italy.

letters 36 letters Jan–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 11.9 3 January 47 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 14.16 4 January 47 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 11.10 21 January 47 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 11.11 8 March 47 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 11.12 8 March 47 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 11.13 March 47 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 11.14 26 April 47 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 11.15 14 May 47 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 16.18 15 May 47 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 16.20 May 47 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 14.8 2 June 47 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 11.16 3 June 47 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 14.21 3 June 47 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 11.17 13 June 47 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 14.11 15 June 47 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 11.18 20 June 47 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 14.15 20 June 47 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 11.25 5 July 47 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 11.23 9 July 47 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 14.10 9 July 47 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 14.13 10 July 47 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 11.19 22 July 47 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 11.24 6 August 47 BC
24.   Ad Familiares 14.24 11 August 47 BC
25.   Ad Familiares 14.23 12 August 47 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 15.15 August 47 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 11.20 17 August 47 BC
28.   Ad Atticum 11.21 28 August 47 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 14.22 31 August 47 BC
30.   Ad Atticum 11.22 1 September 47 BC
31.   Ad Familiares 14.20 1 October 47 BC
32.   Ad Familiares 15.21 47 BC
33.   Ad Familiares 13.29 47 BC
34.   Ad Familiares 13.48 October 47 BC
35.   Ad Familiares 13.49 47 BC
36.   Ad Familiares 9.1 December 47 BC

Age 60. Caesar formally pardons him and the philosophical writing begins in earnest: Brutus (a history of Roman oratory), Orator, Paradoxa Stoicorum. Pro Marcello and Pro Ligario before Caesar. Divorces Terentia after thirty years; briefly marries his young ward Publilia.

letters 13 letters Jan–Apr

1.   Ad Familiares 13.20 46 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 4.14 January 46 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 13.32 46 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 13.21 46 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 6.1 46 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.33 46 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 13.69 46 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 13.22 46 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 13.34 46 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 13.10 46 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 6.14 46 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 13.70 46 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 5.21 April 46 BC

rhet Brutus April 46 BC

letters 19 letters Apr–Jun

1.   Ad Familiares 13.23 46 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 12.2 April 46 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 9.3 19 April 46 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 9.2 20 April 46 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 13.35 46 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.71 46 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 13.72 46 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 13.24 46 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 6.22 May 46 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 13.36 46 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 9.7 May 46 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 9.4 10 June 46 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 13.25 46 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 12.3 11 June 46 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 12.17 46 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 12.4 15 June 46 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 9.5 June 46 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 13.37 46 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 9.6 25 June 46 BC

rhet On the Best Kind of Orators 46 BC

letters 1 letter

1.   Letter to Calvus on Oratorical Style (lost) 46 BC

phil Stoic Paradoxes 46 BC

letters 21 letters Jul–Aug

1.   Ad Familiares 13.26 46 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 12.5 July 46 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 7.33 July 46 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 9.16 July 46 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 9.18 20 July 46 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.38 46 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 7.26 46 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 4.13 August 46 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 4.3 46 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 13.27 46 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 4.7 13 August 46 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 4.9 13 August 46 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 4.8 August 46 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 6.10 August 46 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 6.13 August 46 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 7.28 August 46 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 9.20 August 46 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 9.17 August 46 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 9.19 August 46 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 4.15 46 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 13.39 46 BC

rhet Orator: To Marcus Brutus September 46 BC speech For Marcus Marcellus September 46 BC

letters 9 letters Sep–Oct

1.   Ad Familiares 7.4 46 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.68 September 46 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 13.28 46 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 13.52 September 46 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 6.6 1 October 46 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.17 46 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 4.4 15 October 46 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 4.11 October 46 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 12.18 15 October 46 BC

speech For Quintus Ligarius November 46 BC

letters 29 letters Nov–Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 13.18 46 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 13.78 46 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 12.6 November 46 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 4.10 November 46 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 6.12 November 46 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 9.15 November 46 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 9.21 November 46 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 9.26 November 46 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 13.30 46 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 13.60 November 46 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 13.77 November 46 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 12.7 November 46 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 12.1 24 November 46 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 12.8 November 46 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 6.9 December 46 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 13.19 46 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 6.8 December 46 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 12.11 46 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 13.79 46 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 6.7 December 46 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 9.13 December 46 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 9.23 December 46 BC
23.   Ad Familiares 12.19 December 46 BC
24.   Ad Familiares 15.18 December 46 BC
25.   Ad Familiares 13.31 46 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 13.67 46 BC
27.   Ad Familiares 6.5 December 46 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 9.10 30 December 46 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 15.17 30 December 46 BC

Age 61. Tullia, his daughter, dies in February after childbirth. The grief is annihilating, and drives an outpouring of philosophy unmatched in Roman literature: Consolatio (a self-consolation, now lost), Hortensius (the protreptic that would convert Augustine, now lost), Academica, De Finibus, Tusculanae Disputationes, De Natura Deorum.

letters 6 letters Jan–Feb

1.   Ad Familiares 6.3 January 45 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 6.4 January 45 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 6.18 January 45 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 15.16 January 45 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 15.19 January 45 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 13.66 13 February 45 BC

phil Consolation lost March 45 BC

letters 30 letters Mar–Apr

1.   Ad Atticum 12.13 7 March 45 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 12.14 8 March 45 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 12.15 9 March 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 12.16 10 March 45 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 12.18 11 March 45 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 12.17 12 March 45 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 12.19 14 March 45 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 12.20 15 March 45 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 13.6 March 45 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 4.5 March 45 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 5.13 March 45 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 12.12 16 March 45 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 12.21 17 March 45 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 12.22 18 March 45 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 12.23 19 March 45 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 12.24 20 March 45 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 12.25 22 March 45 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 12.26 22 March 45 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 12.27 23 March 45 BC
20.   Ad Atticum 12.28 24 March 45 BC
21.   Ad Atticum 12.29 25 March 45 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 12.33 26 March 45 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 12.32 28 March 45 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 12.31 29 March 45 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 12.34 30 March 45 BC
26.   Ad Atticum 12.30 8 April 45 BC
27.   Ad Familiares 4.6 April 45 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 6.21 April 45 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 6.2 20 April 45 BC
30.   Ad Familiares 9.11 20 April 45 BC

phil Academica May 45 BC

letters 33 letters May–Jun

1.   Ad Atticum 12.35 2 May 45 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 12.36 3 May 45 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 12.37 4 May 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 12.38 6 May 45 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 12.39 8 May 45 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 12.40 9 May 45 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 5.14 9 May 45 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 12.42 10 May 45 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 12.41 11 May 45 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 12.43 12 May 45 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 12.44 13 May 45 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 13.26 14 May 45 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 12.46 15 May 45 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 12.47 16 May 45 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 12.45 17 May 45 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 12.48 17 May 45 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 12.50 18 May 45 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 12.49 19 May 45 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 12.51 20 May 45 BC
20.   Ad Atticum 12.52 21 May 45 BC
21.   Ad Atticum 12.53 22 May 45 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 13.1 23 May 45 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 13.2 24 May 45 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 13.27 25 May 45 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 13.29 27 May 45 BC
26.   Ad Atticum 13.30 28 May 45 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 13.31 28 May 45 BC
28.   Ad Atticum 13.32 29 May 45 BC
29.   Ad Atticum 13.3 30 May 45 BC
30.   Ad Familiares 4.12 31 May 45 BC
31.   Ad Familiares 13.15 May 45 BC
32.   Ad Atticum 13.4 1 June 45 BC
33.   Ad Atticum 13.28 1 June 45 BC

phil On the Ends of Good and Evil June 45 BC

letters 17 letters Jun–Jul

1.   Ad Atticum 13.5 2 June 45 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 13.33 3 June 45 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 13.8 8 June 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 13.7 9 June 45 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 6.11 June 45 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 9.22 June 45 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 13.10 21 June 45 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 13.11 23 June 45 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 13.12 24 June 45 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 13.13 26 June 45 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 13.14 27 June 45 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 13.15 (merged with 13.14) June 45 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 13.16 28 June 45 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 13.17 29 June 45 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 13.18 (merged with 13.17) June 45 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 13.19 30 June 45 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 13.9 1 July 45 BC

phil Hortensius lost 45 BC phil Timaeus (Latin translation) 45 BC

letters 18 letters Jul–Aug

1.   Ad Atticum 13.20 3 July 45 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 13.22 4 July 45 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 13.23 10 July 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 13.24 11 July 45 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 5.9 11 July 45 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 13.25 12 July 45 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 9.8 12 July 45 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 13.35 13 July 45 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 13.43 14 July 45 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 6.20 July 45 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 13.44 21 July 45 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 12.9 27 July 45 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 13.34 27 July 45 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 16.22 27 July 45 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 12.10 28 July 45 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 13.21 29 July 45 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 16.17 29 July 45 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 13.36 (merged with 13.35) August 45 BC

phil On the Nature of the Gods August 45 BC phil Tusculan Disputations August 45 BC

letters 22 letters Aug–Oct

1.   Ad Atticum 13.37 2 August 45 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 13.38 4 August 45 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 13.39 5 August 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 13.48 5 August 45 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 13.40 8 August 45 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 13.41 9 August 45 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 13.45 11 August 45 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 13.46 12 August 45 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 13.47 13 August 45 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 6.19 August 45 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 16.19 August 45 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 13.49 20 August 45 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 7.24 20 August 45 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 13.50 22 August 45 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 13.51 24 August 45 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 7.25 24 August 45 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 5.11 October 45 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 13.4 October 45 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 13.5 October 45 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 13.7 October 45 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 13.8 October 45 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 7.29 29 October 45 BC

speech For King Deiotarus November 45 BC

letters 5 letters Nov–Dec

1.   Ad Familiares 9.12 November 45 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 5.10b 5 December 45 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 5.15 45 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 13.42 December 45 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 13.52 19 December 45 BC

Age 62. Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March; Cicero is in the senate that day but not in the plot. After a few months of uncertainty and a planned trip to Greece that he aborts, the Philippics against Antony begin in September, with the speech later called Philippic 2 (never delivered) the most savage. De Officiis written for his son.

letters 8 letters Jan–Mar

1.   Ad Familiares 5.10a January 44 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 7.30 January 44 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 13.50 January 44 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 7.31 February 44 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 14.15 1 March 44 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 6.15 15 March 44 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 6.16 March 44 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 11.1 16 March 44 BC

phil Cato the Elder, On Old Age April 44 BC phil On Divination April 44 BC

letters 17 letters Apr

1.   Ad Atticum 14.1 7 April 44 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 14.2 8 April 44 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 14.3 9 April 44 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 14.4 10 April 44 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 14.6 12 April 44 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 14.5 13 April 44 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 14.7 15 April 44 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 14.8 15 April 44 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 6.17 April 44 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 15.20 April 44 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 11.7 44 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 14.9 17 April 44 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 14.10 19 April 44 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 14.11 21 April 44 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 14.12 22 April 44 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 14.13 26 April 44 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 14.14 27 April 44 BC

phil On Fate May 44 BC

letters 39 letters May–Jul

1.   Ad Atticum 14.16 3 May 44 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 9.14 3 May 44 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 12.1 3 May 44 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 14.17 4 May 44 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 14.18 9 May 44 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 14.20 11 May 44 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 14.21 11 May 44 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 14.22 14 May 44 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 14.19 15 May 44 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 15.1 17 May 44 BC
11.   Ad Atticum 15.2 18 May 44 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 15.3 22 May 44 BC
13.   Ad Atticum 15.4 24 May 44 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 12.16 25 May 44 BC
15.   Ad Atticum 15.6 27 May 44 BC
16.   Ad Atticum 15.5 28 May 44 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 16.23 28 May 44 BC
18.   Ad Atticum 15.7 29 May 44 BC
19.   Ad Atticum 15.8 31 May 44 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 11.2 May 44 BC
21.   Ad Atticum 15.9 2 June 44 BC
22.   Ad Atticum 15.10 5 June 44 BC
23.   Ad Atticum 15.11 8 June 44 BC
24.   Ad Atticum 15.12 10 June 44 BC
25.   Ad Atticum 15.16 12 June 44 BC
26.   Ad Atticum 15.15 13 June 44 BC
27.   Ad Atticum 15.17 14 June 44 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 7.21 June 44 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 7.22 June 44 BC
30.   Ad Atticum 15.18 16 June 44 BC
31.   Ad Atticum 15.19 21 June 44 BC
32.   Ad Atticum 15.20 21 June 44 BC
33.   Ad Atticum 15.21 22 June 44 BC
34.   Ad Atticum 15.23 25 June 44 BC
35.   Ad Atticum 15.24 26 June 44 BC
36.   Ad Atticum 15.14 27 June 44 BC
37.   Ad Atticum 15.22 27 June 44 BC
38.   Ad Atticum 15.25 29 June 44 BC
39.   Ad Familiares 11.29 July 44 BC

phil On Glory lost 44 BC phil Laelius, On Friendship July 44 BC rhet Topics: To Gaius Trebatius July 44 BC

letters 20 letters Jul–Sep

1.   Ad Atticum 15.26 2 July 44 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 15.27 3 July 44 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 15.28 3 July 44 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 16.26 44 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 15.29 6 July 44 BC
6.   Ad Atticum 16.16 6 July 44 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 16.1 8 July 44 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 16.5 9 July 44 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 16.4 10 July 44 BC
10.   Ad Atticum 16.2 11 July 44 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 16.21 July 44 BC
12.   Ad Atticum 16.3 17 July 44 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 7.20 20 July 44 BC
14.   Ad Atticum 16.6 25 July 44 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 7.19 29 July 44 BC
16.   Ad Familiares 11.3 4 August 44 BC
17.   Ad Atticum 16.7 19 August 44 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 11.27 30 August 44 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 11.28 September 44 BC
20.   Ad Familiares 12.20 2 September 44 BC

speech First Philippic 2 September 44 BC

letters 3 letters Sep

1.   Ad Familiares 16.25 September 44 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 10.1 19 September 44 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 12.22 19 September 44 BC

speech Second Philippic October 44 BC

letters 7 letters Oct

1.   Ad Familiares 10.2 5 October 44 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 12.2 5 October 44 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 12.3 6 October 44 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 12.23 9 October 44 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 11.4 October 44 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 12.21 44 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 15.13 25 October 44 BC

phil On Duties November 44 BC

letters 15 letters Nov–Dec

1.   Ad Atticum 16.8 2 November 44 BC
2.   Ad Atticum 16.9 4 November 44 BC
3.   Ad Atticum 16.11 5 November 44 BC
4.   Ad Atticum 16.10 8 November 44 BC
5.   Ad Atticum 16.13 10 November 44 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 16.24 11 November 44 BC
7.   Ad Atticum 16.12 13 November 44 BC
8.   Ad Atticum 16.14 November 44 BC
9.   Ad Atticum 16.15 9 December 44 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 11.5 9 December 44 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 10.3 10 December 44 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 10.4 December 44 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 10.5 December 44 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 16.27 December 44 BC
15.   Ad Familiares 11.6 20 December 44 BC

speech Third Philippic 20 December 44 BC speech Fourth Philippic 20 December 44 BC

Age 63. The Philippics continue into the spring; the senate, briefly, follows his lead and declares Antony a public enemy. In April Antony is defeated at Mutina but the consuls Hirtius and Pansa die. Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus form the Second Triumvirate in November and publish their proscription list; Cicero is on it. He is overtaken and killed at his Formian villa on 7 December.

speech Fifth Philippic 1 January 43 BC speech Seventh Philippic January 43 BC speech Sixth Philippic 4 January 43 BC

letters 3 letters Jan–Feb

1.   Ad Familiares 11.8 24 January 43 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 12.24 24 January 43 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 12.4 1 February 43 BC

speech Tenth Philippic February 43 BC

letters 1 letter Feb

1.   Ad Familiares 10.28 2 February 43 BC

speech Eighth Philippic 3 February 43 BC speech Ninth Philippic 4 February 43 BC

letters 2 letters Feb

1.   Ad Familiares 12.5 5 February 43 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 9.24 February 43 BC

speech Eleventh Philippic March 43 BC speech Twelfth Philippic March 43 BC

letters 8 letters Mar

1.   Ad Familiares 12.7 7 March 43 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 12.11 7 March 43 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 10.7 March 43 BC
4.   Ad Familiares 10.31 16 March 43 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 10.8 March 43 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 12.25 19 March 43 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 10.6 20 March 43 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 10.27 20 March 43 BC

speech Thirteenth Philippic 20 March 43 BC

letters 14 letters Mar–Apr

1.   Ad Familiares 12.28 22 March 43 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 12.26 43 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 10.10 30 March 43 BC
4.   Ad M. Brutum 2.3 1 April 43 BC
5.   Ad Familiares 12.6 7 April 43 BC
6.   Ad M. Brutum 2.2 11 April 43 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 10.12 11 April 43 BC
8.   Ad M. Brutum 2.4 12 April 43 BC
9.   Ad M. Brutum 1.1 13 April 43 BC
10.   Ad M. Brutum 2.1 13 April 43 BC
11.   Ad M. Brutum 2.5 14 April 43 BC
12.   Ad Familiares 10.11 April 43 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 10.30 15 April 43 BC
14.   Ad M. Brutum 1.3 21 April 43 BC

speech Philippica XIV 21 April 43 BC

letters 64 letters Apr–Jul

1.   Ad Familiares 12.27 43 BC
2.   Ad Familiares 10.9 27 April 43 BC
3.   Ad Familiares 11.9 29 April 43 BC
4.   Ad M. Brutum 1.16 May 43 BC
5.   Ad M. Brutum 1.5 5 May 43 BC
6.   Ad Familiares 10.14 5 May 43 BC
7.   Ad Familiares 11.10 5 May 43 BC
8.   Ad Familiares 11.11 6 May 43 BC
9.   Ad Familiares 12.12 7 May 43 BC
10.   Ad Familiares 10.13 11 May 43 BC
11.   Ad Familiares 11.13 12 May 43 BC
12.   Ad M. Brutum 1.4 13 May 43 BC
13.   Ad Familiares 10.15 13 May 43 BC
14.   Ad Familiares 11.12 13 May 43 BC
15.   Ad M. Brutum 1.2 May 43 BC
16.   Ad M. Brutum 1.17 May 43 BC
17.   Ad Familiares 10.21 15 May 43 BC
18.   Ad Familiares 10.18 18 May 43 BC
19.   Ad Familiares 10.34 18 May 43 BC
20.   Ad M. Brutum 1.6 19 May 43 BC
21.   Ad Familiares 10.17 19 May 43 BC
22.   Ad Familiares 11.19 21 May 43 BC
23.   Ad Familiares 11.20 24 May 43 BC
24.   Ad Familiares 11.23 25 May 43 BC
25.   Ad Familiares 10.19 26 May 43 BC
26.   Ad Familiares 10.25 26 May 43 BC
27.   Ad Familiares 10.16 May 43 BC
28.   Ad Familiares 10.20 29 May 43 BC
29.   Ad Familiares 11.14 29 May 43 BC
30.   Ad Familiares 12.14 29 May 43 BC
31.   Ad Familiares 10.35 30 May 43 BC
32.   Ad Familiares 10.33 June 43 BC
33.   Ad Familiares 11.18 1 June 43 BC
34.   Ad Familiares 12.15 2 June 43 BC
35.   Ad Familiares 11.26 3 June 43 BC
36.   Ad Familiares 11.21 4 June 43 BC
37.   Ad Familiares 10.23 6 June 43 BC
38.   Ad Familiares 11.24 6 June 43 BC
39.   Ad Familiares 10.32 8 June 43 BC
40.   Ad Familiares 12.8 9 June 43 BC
41.   Ad Familiares 12.30 9 June 43 BC
42.   Ad M. Brutum 1.8 13 June 43 BC
43.   Ad Familiares 12.13 13 June 43 BC
44.   Ad M. Brutum 1.11 June 43 BC
45.   Ad Familiares 11.25 18 June 43 BC
46.   Ad M. Brutum 1.7 23 June 43 BC
47.   Ad Familiares 12.29 43 BC
48.   Ad Familiares 10.22 29 June 43 BC
49.   Ad Familiares 10.26 June 43 BC
50.   Ad Familiares 11.15 29 June 43 BC
51.   Ad Familiares 12.9 29 June 43 BC
52.   Ad M. Brutum 1.9 July 43 BC
53.   Ad M. Brutum 1.13 1 July 43 BC
54.   Ad Familiares 12.10 1 July 43 BC
55.   Ad Familiares 10.29 6 July 43 BC
56.   Ad M. Brutum 1.14 11 July 43 BC
57.   Ad M. Brutum 1.15 14 July 43 BC
58.   Ad Familiares 11.22 14 July 43 BC
59.   Ad M. Brutum 1.10 July 43 BC
60.   Ad M. Brutum 1.12 July 43 BC
61.   Ad Familiares 11.16 15 July 43 BC
62.   Ad Familiares 11.17 15 July 43 BC
63.   Ad M. Brutum 1.18 27 July 43 BC
64.   Ad Familiares 10.24 28 July 43 BC