place
Massilia
also: Massilia, Marseilles, Massilienses, the Massiliotes
The Greek city on the south coast of Gaul (modern Marseille); in 49 BC it shut its gates to Caesar and was besieged, a focus of the war news Cicero followed.
Reading notes
- Ad Atticum 10.14 §2 about Spain, about Marseilles
Massilia (modern Marseilles), a Greek-founded city allied to Rome, shut its gates to Caesar and was being besieged by his forces in 49 BC while the campaign for the Spanish provinces unfolded beyond it. News of both fronts would decide the war's direction.
- Ad Atticum 14.14 §6 the Massiliotes
The Greek city of Massilia (Marseilles), punished by Caesar for siding with Pompey; Cicero teases Atticus for already "restoring" their lost territory as though the Republic were back.
- On Duties §2.28 Massilia dragged in a triumph
Massilia (Marseilles), a loyal Greek ally of Rome, was reduced by Caesar in 49 BC and its image carried in his triumph. Cicero treats this as a symbol of empire betrayed, since no Roman ever triumphed beyond the Alps without Massilia's help.
- Second Philippic §94 to the Massiliotes
Massilia (Marseilles), a Greek city allied to Rome, had sided with Pompey and was stripped of territory by Caesar; Cicero lists it among those Caesar treated as enemies for loving the Republic.
- For Marcus Fonteius §13 Massilia
Massilia (modern Marseille), an old Greek city and a privileged ally of Rome on the Gallic coast, long faithful to Roman interests; it sent an official deputation in Fonteius's favour.