Mutina

Reading notes

• Ad Familiares 6.8 §3 for they were all at Mutina

  Mutina (modern Modena) in Cisalpine Gaul was a Roman colony and administrative centre; Furfanius and his legates had apparently been stationed there before taking up the Sicilian command, perhaps in connection with Caesar's reorganisation of northern Italy.

• Ad Familiares 10.14 §1 two days before the victory

  Plancus's encouraging dispatch reached Cicero two days before news of the victory at Mutina (21 April 43 BC), where the consuls' armies broke Antony's siege of Decimus Brutus and forced Antony into retreat over the Alps.

• Ad Familiares 10.33 §1 the battles fought at Mutina

  The two engagements of April 43 BC near Mutina (Modena) — Forum Gallorum on 14 April and the relief battle of 21 April — in which both consuls were killed and Antony was driven from the siege of Decimus Brutus.

• Ad Familiares 11.18 §1 you were shut in

  Decimus Brutus had been besieged inside Mutina (modern Modena) by Antony from late 43; the siege was broken by the consular armies in April 43 BC.

• Ad Familiares 12.5 §2 broken out of Mutina

  Mutina (modern Modena) in Cisalpine Gaul, where Decimus Brutus was blockaded by Antony; the siege gave its name to the Mutina War of 43 BC.

• Fifth Philippic §24 Mutina, the most steadfast and most splendid colony of the Roman people

  Modern Modena, a Roman colony in Cisalpine Gaul; Decimus Brutus was besieged there by Antony through the winter of 44/43 BC. Its relief was the central military objective of the Mutina campaign.