Letter · 1 December 58 BC · Dyrrachi

Ad Atticum 3.23

Ad Atticum 3.23

Headnote

Cicero to Atticus, written at Dyrrachium on the day before the Kalends of December (29 November) 58 BC — a detailed legal letter on the bill that the eight outgoing tribunes have promulgated to recall him. Three letters from Atticus have arrived together; Cicero answers each. Only the first carries good news — to wait with steady spirit for the month of January, when Lentulus Spinther will enter on his consulship and the new tribunes on their year. The second and third turn out to be the technical reckoning on the bill itself.

The law as drafted by the eight tribunes §2–4 has three clauses, and it is the third that Cicero now thinks may sink it: a clause that says that what is done in carrying the bill, contrary to the Clodian law against him, shall not redound against the bill’s promulgators. Cicero sees the clause as a snare. The outgoing tribunes are themselves protected by their college’s collective immunity; the clause was therefore unnecessary for them, but written in. The new tribunes, more timid, will read it as a binding instruction not to do anything that contravenes the Clodian law — which is to say, not to do the very thing the bill is meant to do. Cicero asks Atticus to find out who introduced the clause, and recommends instead the alternative draft that Visellius wrote for T. Fadius. §5 is the alternative ending: if the bill cannot be broken through in one rush, then Atticus is to look after Quintus, Marcus, and Terentia. The move from Dyrrachium to Epirus will follow once the first news of the new year arrives.

On the fifth day before the Kalends of December I received three letters from you. One was given on the eighth day before the Kalends of November, in which you urge me to wait with steady spirit for the month of January, and you write at length about Lentulus’s zeal, Metellus’s good will, and Pompey’s whole reckoning, things you think pertinent to hope. In the second letter, contrary to your custom, you do not put on the date, but you give the time clearly enough: for you write that, on the very day on which the law was promulgated by the eight tribunes of the plebs, you handed in that letter — that is, on the fourth day before the Kalends of November — and you write at length on what use you think the promulgation has brought. As to which: if our safety, with this law, is now to be despaired of, I should wish that, by your love for me, you would think this empty diligence of mine pitiable rather than absurd; if there is some hope, give your effort that we may be defended hereafter by our magistrates with greater attention.
A. d. v Kal. Decembr. tris epistulas a te accepi, unam datam a. d. viii Kal. Novembris in qua me hortaris ut forti animo mensem Ianuarium exspectem, eaque quae ad spem putas pertinere de Lentuli studio, de Metelli voluntate, de tota Pompei ratione perscribis. in altera epistula praeter consuetudinem tuam diem non adscribis sed satis significas tempus; lege enim ab octo tribunis pl. promulgata scribis te eas litteras eo ipso die dedisse, id est a. d. iiii Kal. Novembris, et quid putes utilitatis eam promulgationem attulisse perscribis. in quo si iam nostra salus cum hac lege desperata erit, velim pro tuo in me amore hanc inanem meam diligentiam miserabilem potius quam ineptam putes, sin est aliquid spei, des operam ut maiore diligentia posthac a nostris magistratibus defendamur.
For that bill of the old tribunes had three clauses. The first, on my return, was incautiously drafted: nothing is restored except citizenship and rank — which for myself, given my case, is enough — but what should have been provided against, and how, you cannot fail to see. The second clause is the standard one on indemnity, in case anything has been done contrary to other laws by reason of this law. The third clause — my Pomponius, look with what counsel and by whom it has been pressed in. For you know that Clodius enacted that his own law should hardly, or rather not at all, be open to being weakened either through the Senate or through the people. But you see that the protective clauses of laws to be abrogated are never observed. For if they were, scarcely any could be abrogated — there is no law which does not hedge itself in by the difficulty of its abrogation. When a law is abrogated, the very rule on how it must be abrogated is abrogated with it.
nam ea veterum tribunorum pl. rogatio tria capita habuit; unum de reditu meo scriptum incaute; nihil enim restituitur praeter civitatem et ordinem, quod mihi pro meo casu satis est; sed quae cavenda fuerint et quo modo te non fugit. alterum caput est tralaticium de impunitate, si quid contra alias leges eius legis ergo factum sit. tertium caput, mi Pomponi, quo consilio et a quo sit inculcatum vide. scis enim Clodium sanxisse ut vix aut ut omnino non posset nec per senatum nec per populum infirmari sua lex. sed vides numquam esse observatas sanctiones earum legum; quae abrogarentur. nam si id esset, nulla fere abrogari posset; neque enim ulla est quae non ipsa se saepiat difficultate abrogationis. sed cum lex abrogatur, illud ipsum abrogatur quo modo eam abrogari oporteat.
Since this is in truth so, and since it has always been so held and so observed, our eight tribunes have set down this clause: “If anything has been written in this bill which, by the laws or plebiscites” — that is, by the Clodian law — “it is not permitted, has not been permitted, to promulgate, abrogate, derogate, obrogate without fault to himself, or by reason of which any penalty or fine attaches to him who has promulgated, abrogated, derogated, obrogated — this is not to redound against him.”
hoc quom et re vera ita sit et quom semper ita habitum observatumque sit, octo nostri tribuni pl. caput posuerunt hoc: si quid in hac rogatione scriptum est quod per leges plebisve scita, hoc est quod per legem Clodiam, promulgare, abrogare, derogare, obrogare sine fraude sua non liceat, non licuerit, quodve ei, qui promulgavit, abrogavit, derogavit, obrogavit, ob eam rem poenae multaeve sit, E. H. L. N. R.
Now this in those tribunes’ own case did them no harm: by the law of their own college they were not bound. So it is the more suspicious that someone meant ill by it, when they wrote into the bill what did not concern them, but was directed against me — so that the new tribunes, if they should be too timid, would all the more think they had to use that clause. Nor did Clodius let it pass: he said in a contio on the third day before the Nones of November that, by this clause, the tribunes-elect were instructed in what was permitted to them. Yet you cannot fail to see that there is no such clause in any other law: which, if it were needed, all would use in abrogations. Please find out how this escaped Ninnius or the rest, and who brought it forward, and how the eight tribunes did not hesitate to refer the matter to the Senate concerning me — whether because they thought that clause not worth observing — and were nevertheless so cautious in abrogating that they feared a thing, free of it as they were themselves, which not even those who are bound by the law need worry about. I should be much against the new tribunes carrying that clause; but let them only carry anything; with one clause, by which I am to be recalled, provided the thing is brought through, I shall be content. I am ashamed by now to write so much; for I am afraid that you will read this when the case is already lost, and what I think is diligence will look pitiable to you and ridiculous to others. But if there is any hope, look at the law that Visellius drafted for T. Fadius. That law I much approve. Sestius’s law, which you write satisfies you, does not satisfy me.
atque hoc in illis tribunis pl. non laedebat; lege enim collegi sui non tenebantur. quo maior est suspicio malitiae aliquoius, cum id quod ad ipsos nihil pertinebat erat autem contra me scripserunt, ut novi tribuni pl. si essent timidiores multo magis sibi eo capite utendum putarent. neque id a Clodio praetermissum est; dixit enim in contione a. d. III Nonas Novembris hoc capite designatis tribunis pl. praescriptum esse quid liceret. tamen in lege nulla esse eius modi caput te non fallit, quod si opus esset, omnes in abrogando uterentur. ut Ninnium aut ceteros fugerit investiges velim et quis attulerit et qua re octo tribuni pl. ad senatum de me referre non dubitarint, sive sive quod observandum illud caput non putabant, eidem in abrogando tam cauti fuerint ut id metuerent soluti cum essent, quod ne iis quidem qui lege tenentur est curandum. id caput sane nolim novos tribunos pl. ferre; sed perferant modo quidlibet; uno capite quo revocabor, modo res conficiatur, ero contentus. iam dudum pudet tam multa scribere; vereor enim ne re iam desperata legas, ut haec mea diligentia miserabilis tibi, aliis inridenda videatur. sed si est aliquid in spe, vide legem quam T. Fadio scripsit Visellius. ea mihi perplacet; nam Sesti nostri quam tu tibi probari scribis mihi non placet.
The third letter was given on the day before the Ides of November, in which you set out with judgement and care what it is that seems to be holding back the matter — on Crassus, on Pompey, on the rest. So I beg you that, if there shall be any hope that the thing can be brought through by the support of good men, by the authority of the few and the multitude of the many gathered together, you will give effort to having it broken through in a single rush, will throw your weight in, and will rouse up the rest. But if — as I see, both with your reckoning and with my own — there is no hope, I beg you and entreat you: love my brother Quintus, whom I, wretched, have wretchedly destroyed, and do not let him take any heavier counsel about himself than is good for the son of your sister; protect my Cicero — the poor little fellow, to whom I leave nothing except the unpopularity and the disgrace of my name — so far as you can; sustain Terentia, the most weighed-down of all women, by your offices. I shall set out for Epirus when I have heard the news of the first days. I should be glad if in your next letter you will write me how the beginnings have gone. Sent the day before the Kalends of December.
tertia est epistula pridie Idus Novembr. data, in qua exponis prudenter et diligenter quae sint quae rem distinere videantur, de Crasso, de Pompeio, de ceteris. qua re oro te ut, si qua spes erit posse studiis bonorum, auctoritate, multitudine comparata rem confici, des operam ut uno impetu perfringantur, in eam rem incumbas ceterosque excites. sin, ut ego perspicio cum tua coniectura tum etiam mea, spei nihil est, oro obtestorque te ut Quintum fratrem ames quem ego miserum misere perdidi neve quid eum patiare gravius consulere de se quam expediat sororis tuae filio, meum Ciceronem quoi nihil misello relinquo praeter invidiam et ignominiam nominis mei tueare quoad poteris, Terentiam, unam omnium aerumnosissimam, sustentes tuis officiis. ego in Epirum proficiscar quom primorum dierum nuntios excepero. tu ad me velim proximis litteris ut se initia dederint perscribas. data pridie Kal. Decembr.

Cite this passage

Ad Atticum 3.23

Pick a format and click Copy. The permalink jumps any reader to this exact section.

Support this project

Free to read here. Buy the ebook to support the work.

Kindle