Letter · 26 November 57 BC · Romae

Ad Atticum 4.3

Ad Atticum 4.3

Headnote

Cicero to Atticus, written from Rome on the sixth day before the Kalends of December (26 November) 57 BC. The single most violent of the surviving exile-aftermath letters, a daily report on the Clodian assault. §2: on 3 November Clodius’s gangs drove the workmen off the Palatine site, broke up Catulus’s portico (then nearly at roof level), and set fire to Quintus’s house. On 11 November Clodius ambushed Cicero in person on the Sacra Via; on 12 November his men assaulted Milo’s house with shields and drawn swords and torches, with P. Sulla’s house as their forward base. The Senate met the next day; Marcellinus delivered the opinion that bound up the whole case — the site, the fires, the peril of Cicero — into a single judgement to be settled ahead of the consular elections.

§4–5 are the dispatch on Milo’s counter-strategy: announcing against the heavens on every comitial day to block the elections, holding the Campus Martius from before midnight, overtaking Metellus among the groves. The famous note in §5: “Marcellus the candidate was snoring so that I, his neighbour, could hear. Clodius’s vestibule was reported to me as quite empty: a few rag-bedecked fellows, a linen lantern.” Cicero’s bet that Milo will kill Clodius before any trial settles the matter will hold for another five years and come true on the Appian Way at Bovillae in January 52. The closing line is the practical confession: family fortune broken, drawing on friends’ help against Quintus’s protest, no plan possible without Atticus.

I know for certain that you are eager both to know what is being done here, and to know my own affairs from me — not because what is being done before everyone’s eyes is more sure if I write it than when others either write it to you or report it, but that you may see clearly from my letters in what spirit I bear what is being done, and what at this time is the feeling of my mind or, in the whole, the state of my life.
avere te certo scio cum scire quid hic agatur tum mea a me scire, non quo certiora sint ea quae in oculis omnium geruntur si a me scribantur quam cum ab aliis aut scribantur tibi aut nuntientur, sed ut perspicias ex meis litteris quo animo ea feram quae geruntur et qui sit hoc tempore aut mentis meae sensus aut omnino vitae status.
On the third day before the Nones of November the workmen were driven from our building site by armed men. The portico of Catulus, which by the senatus consultum was being rebuilt under the consuls’ contract and had nearly reached the roof, was disturbed; the house of my brother Quintus first broken in by stones thrown from our site, then set on fire by Clodius’s order with the city looking on, with fires thrown in — to the great complaint and groan, I shall not say of good men (whether there are any I do not know) but plainly of all men. That madman is rushing on; after this fury he thinks of nothing but the slaughter of his enemies; he canvasses neighbourhood by neighbourhood, openly holds out the hope of liberty to slaves. For before, when he was overturning trials, he had a hard and patent case but yet a case: he could deny, he could shift the matter to others, he could even defend something as lawfully done. After these ruins, fires, plunderings, deserted by his own people he scarcely keeps Decimus the master-of-ceremonies, scarcely Gellius; he uses the counsels of slaves; he sees that, if he openly kills all whom he wishes, his case will be in no way harder than it has been so far. So on the third day before the Ides of November, when I was coming down the Sacra Via, he came after me with his men. A shout, stones, clubs, swords — all this unforeseen. We withdrew into the vestibule of Tettius Damio. Those who were with me easily kept the gangs from coming in. The man himself could have been killed; but I am beginning to attempt cure by diet, I am tired of surgery. He, when by everyone’s words he saw himself being thrust, in person, not into court but to punishment, has since made all the Catilinas into Acidini. For he so attempted to storm and burn Milo’s house, the one which is on the Cermalus, on the day before the Ides of November, that openly at the fifth hour he led up men with shields and drawn swords, others with lit torches. He himself had taken the house of P. Sulla as a kind of camp for that assault. Then out of the Annian house of Milo’s, Q. Flaccus led out keen men: he killed men most well-known of the whole Clodian banditry, longed for the man himself, but he had withdrawn into the inner chambers of Sulla’s house. Then the Senate, on the day after the Ides. Clodius at home. Marcellinus distinguished; all keen. Metellus by his railing dragged out the time of speaking, with Appius helping — and indeed, by Hercules, your friend, of whose steadiness and courage your own most truthful letter spoke. Sestius furious. The man afterwards threatened to fire the city if his elections were not held. Milo, after Marcellinus’s opinion was set out — which he had read out from a written text in such a way as to comprise our whole case (the site, the fires, my own peril) into a single judgement, and to put all this before the elections — gave notice that he would watch the heaven on every comitial day.
armatis hominibus ante diem tertium Nonas Novembris expulsi sunt fabri de area nostra, disturbata porticus Catuli quae ex senatus consulto consulum locatione reficiebatur et ad tectum paene pervenerat, Quinti fratris domus primo fracta coniectu lapidum ex area nostra, deinde inflammata iussu Clodi, inspectante urbe coniectis ignibus, magna querela et gemitu non dicam bonorum, qui nescio an nulli sint, sed plane hominum omnium. ille demens ruere, post hunc vero furorem nihil nisi caedem inimicorum cogitare, vicatim ambire, servis aperte spem libertatis ostendere. etenim antea cum iudicium tollebat, habebat ille quidem difficilem manifestamque causam sed tamen causam; poterat infitiari, poterat in alios derivare, poterat etiam aliquid iure factum defendere; post has ruinas, incendia, rapinas desertus a suis vix iam Decimum designatorem, vix Gellium retinet, servorum consiliis utitur, videt, si omnis quos vult palam occiderit, nihilo suam causam difficiliorem quam adhuc sit in iudicio futuram. itaque ante diem tertium Idus Novembris, cum Sacra via descenderem, insecutus est me cum suis. clamor, lapides, fustes, gladii, haec improvisa omnia. discessimus in vestibulum Tetti Damionis. qui erant mecum facile operas aditu prohibuerunt. ipse occidi potuit, sed ego diaeta curare incipio, chirurgiae taedet. ille omnium vocibus cum se non ad iudicium sed ad supplicium praesens trudi videret, omnis Catilinas Acidinos postea reddidit. nam Milonis domum, eam quae est in Cermalo, pr. Idus Novembr. expugnare et incendere ita conatus est ut palam hora quinta cum scutis homines eductis gladiis, alios cum accensis facibus adduxerit. ipse domum P. Sullae pro castris sibi ad eam impugnationem sumpserat. tum ex Anniana Milonis domo Q. Flaccus eduxit viros acris; occidit homines ex omni latrocinio Clodiano notissimos, ipsum cupivit, sed ille se in interiora aedium Sullae. exin senatus postridie Idus. domi Clodius. egregius Marcellinus, omnes acres. Metellus calumnia dicendi tempus exemit adiuvante Appio, etiam hercule familiari tuo, de cuius constantia virtute tuae verissimae litterae. Sestius furere. ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari. Milo proposita Marcellini sententia, quam ille de scripto ita dixerat ut totam nostram causam areae, incendiorum, periculi mei iudicio complecteretur eaque omnia comitiis anteferret, proscripsit se per omnis dies comitialis de caelo servaturum.
The public meetings turbulent under Metellus, rash under Appius, most furious under Publius. Yet this is the upshot: had Milo not announced against on the Field, the elections would have been held. On the twelfth day before the Kalends of December Milo, before midnight, came onto the Field with a great band. Clodius, having forces picked out of fugitives, did not dare to come onto the Field. Milo stayed until midday, with the wonderful joy of men, with the highest glory. The contention of the three brothers shameful; their violence broken, their fury despised. Metellus still demands that, on the next day, the announcement be made to him in the Forum: that there was no need to come onto the Field by night; that he would be in the Comitium at the first hour. So on the eleventh day before the Kalends, Milo came in the night to the Comitium. Metellus, at the first light, ran secretly into the Field by almost off-roads. Milo overtakes the man among the groves, announces against. The man took himself off with great and disgraceful railing from Q. Flaccus. The tenth day before the Kalends, market-days.
contiones turbulentae Metelli, temerariae Appi, furiosissimae Publi haec tamen summa, nisi Milo in campo obnuntiasset, comitia futura. ante diem xii Kal. Decembr. Milo ante mediam noctem cum, magna manu in campum venit. Clodius cum haberet fugitivorum delectas copias, in campum ire non est ausus. Milo permansit ad meridiem mirifica hominum laetitia summa cum gloria. contentio fratrum trium turpis, fracta vis, contemptus furor. Metellus tamen postulat ut sibi postero die in foro obnuntietur; nihil esse quod in campum nocte veniretur; se hora prima in comitio fore. itaque ante diem xi Kal. in comitium Milo de nocte venit. Metellus cum prima luce furtim in campum itineribus prope deviis currebat; adsequitur inter lucos hominem Milo, obnuntiat. ille se recepit magno et turpi Q. Flacci convicio. ante diem x Kal. nundinae.
For two days no public meeting. The eighth day before the Kalends I was writing this at the ninth hour of the night. Milo was already holding the Field. Marcellus the candidate was snoring so that I, his neighbour, could hear. Clodius’s vestibule was reported to me as quite empty: a few rag-bedecked fellows, a linen lantern. They were complaining that everything was being done by my advice, ignorant of how much spirit was in that hero, and how much judgement too. His courage is wonderful. I leave aside certain new and divine things; but this is the upshot. I do not think the elections will take place; that Publius will be a defendant, unless he is killed first, I think Milo will see to; if he should now offer himself in a crowd to him, I see he will be killed by Milo himself. He does not hesitate to do it; he carries it before him; that fortune of mine he does not fear. For he will never use the counsel of any envious or treacherous man, nor will he trust any inert noble.
contio biduo nulla. ante diem viii Kal. haec ego scribebam hora noctis nona. Milo campum iam tenebat. Marcellus candidatus ita stertebat ut ego vicinus audirem. Clodi vestibulum vacuum sane mihi nuntiabatur, pauci pannosi, linea lanterna. meo consilio omnia illi fieri querebantur ignari quantum in illo heroe esset animi, quantum etiam consili. miranda virtus est. nova quaedam divina mitto; sed haec summa est. comitia fore non arbitror; reum Publium, nisi ante occisus erit, fore a Milone puto; si se in turba ei iam obtulerit, occisum iri ab ipso Milone video. non dubitat facere, prae se fert; casum illum nostrum non extimescit. numquam enim cuiusquam invidi et perfidi consilio est usurus nec inerti nobili crediturus.
We are in spirit, at least, vigorous — even more than when we were flourishing; in our family fortune we are broken. Yet, that I might not be entirely emptied out, I, with Quintus my brother refusing, fall back, against my own resources, on the help of friends. What plan to take about my whole standing, in your absence, I do not know. So hurry.
nos animo dumtaxat vigemus etiam magis quam cum florebamus, re familiari comminuti sumus. Quinti fratris tamen liberalitati pro facultatibus nostris, ne omnino exhaustus essem, illo recusante subsidiis amicorum respondemus. quid consili de omni nostro statu capiamus te absente nescimus. qua re adpropera.

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Ad Atticum 4.3

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