Letter · 9 March 49 BC · in Formiano

Ad Atticum 9.3

Ad Atticum 9.3

Headnote

Cicero to Atticus, written from the Formian villa on the seventh day before the Ides of March 49 BC (the manuscript dateline: Scr.\ in Formiano vii Id.\ Mart.\ a.\ 705 (49)). Two days after the short note of 9.2. Cicero is still at Formiae, watching the road, this time with one specific data-point to chase: Domitius’s son passed through the day before on his way to his mother at Naples, and when Cicero’s slave Dionysius questioned him closely the boy said his father was near the City — not, as Cicero had heard, set out for Pompey or for Spain.

Section 1 turns this fragment of intelligence into the strategic question: if Domitius is still on Italian soil, that implies Pompey himself does not think an exit from Italy easy, with the peninsula held end to end by arms and garrisons, and in winter on top of everything. The Lower Sea is unusable in this season; the Upper Sea is all that remains, and the land road to it is cut off. Atticus is asked to confirm what Domitius and Lentulus are doing. Section 2 is the daily entry on Brundisium: nothing has come, today is the seventh day before the Ides, by Cicero’s reckoning Caesar reached Brundisium today or yesterday. Postumus thinks Pompey has already crossed and means to follow at his heels; Cicero doubts he will find the sailors — but Postumus’s confidence rests on a rumour, that Caesar’s generosity has reached the ship-owners. The letter ends with the by now ritual line: he cannot go on much longer in the dark.

Domitius’s son passed through Formiae on the eighth day before the Ides, hurrying to his mother at Naples, and ordered word to be brought to me that his father was near the City — when our slave Dionysius pressed him with questions about him. I, however, had heard that the man had set out either to Pompey or to Spain. I should very much like to know how this stands; for it bears on what I am pondering. If he certainly has gone nowhere, I understand from this that Gnaeus considers our exit from Italy not an easy one — since all Italy is held by arms and garrisons, and this is winter, on top of everything. For if the season of the year were more accommodating, there would even be the Lower Sea to use; as it is, nothing can be crossed but the Upper, and the road to it is cut off. You will inquire, then, both about Domitius and about Lentulus.
Domiti filius transiit Formias viii Idus currens ad matrem Neapolim mihique nuntiari iussit patrem ad urbem esse cum de eo curiose quaesisset servus noster Dionysius. nos autem audieramus eum profectum sive ad Pompeium sive in Hispaniam. id cuius modi sit scire sane velim. nam ad id quod delibero pertinet, si ille certe nusquam discessit, intellegere Gnaeum non esse facilis nobis ex Italia exitus, cum ea tota armis praesidiisque teneatur, hieme praesertim. nam si commodius anni tempus esset, vel infero mari liceret uti. nunc nihil potest nisi supero tramitti quo iter interclusum est. quaeres igitur et de Domitio et de Lentulo.
From Brundisium no rumour had yet come, and today was the seventh day before the Ides, the day on which I suspected Caesar had reached Brundisium, or the day before. For he had stopped at Arpi on the Kalends. But if you cared to listen to Postumus, he was about to follow Gnaeus hard at his heels — for he thought he had already crossed, judging from the weather and the count of days. I, for my part, did not think he would have the sailors; he was confident, and the more so because the man’s generosity had reached the ears of the ship-owners. But on the whole business of Brundisium, how it stands — I cannot go on much longer in the dark.
a Brundisio nulla adhuc fama venerat, et erat hic dies vii Idus quo die suspicabamur aut pridie ad Brundisium venisse Caesarem. nam Kal. Arpis manserat. sed si Postumum audire velles, persecuturus erat Gnaeum; transisse enim iam putabat coniectura tempestatum ac dierum. ego nautas eum non putabam habiturum, ille confidebat et eo magis quod audita naviculariis hominis liberalitas esset. sed tota res Brundisina quo modo habeat se diutius nescire non possum.

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Ad Atticum 9.3

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