Letter · 3 March 49 BC · in Formiano

Ad Atticum 8.15

Ad Atticum 8.15

Headnote

Cicero to Atticus, written from the Formian villa on the fifth day before the Nones of March 49 BC (the manuscript dateline: Scr.\ in Formiano v Non.\ Mart.\ a.\ 705 (49)). Three letters from Atticus have arrived together by the freedman Aegypta: an old one from the fourth day before the Kalends (delayed because Pinarius the carrier never reached Cicero), and two from the day before the Kalends. Section 1 walks through the first letter point by point — Vibullius’s mission (Caesar did not even see him), Atticus’s question about how Cicero will receive Caesar on his return (Cicero is thinking of avoiding him altogether), Atticus’s own plans to leave Italy for Athens, and the still-open question whether Domitius is travelling with his fasces.

Section 2 turns to the two later letters and to the central question — to stay or to cross — and gives one of the bleakest formulations of the dilemma in the whole correspondence: cautior certe est mansio, honestior existimatur traiectio. Staying is safer; crossing is judged more honourable. Cicero would sooner have many think him incautious than a few think him dishonourable. The legal point is technical and characteristic: nearly everyone in the Pompeian camp has the right to be out of Italy — they hold imperium or are legates of those who do, and by ancestral custom the consuls may enter every province — so the crossing is regular in form even when it is desertion in fact. The letter closes with a note that he has sent on a copy of Cornelius Balbus’s letter (the Caesarian agent in Rome) so that Atticus can grieve with him over being made a laughingstock.

On the fifth day before the Nones of March, Aegypta delivered your letters to me — one of them an old one, from the fourth day before the Kalends, which you say you gave to Pinarius, whom we have not seen; in it you are waiting to hear what Vibullius, sent on ahead, is doing — the one who was not seen by Caesar at all (I see from your second letter that you know this is so) — and how I shall receive Caesar on his return, whom I am thinking of avoiding altogether; and you press the point of your flight to Athens and the change in your way of life, which I think you should do; and you do not know whether Domitius is with the fasces. When you know this, you will see that we know it too. That is the answer to the first letter.
A. d. v Nonas Martias epistulas mihi tuas Aegypta reddidit, unam veterem iiii Kal. quam te scribis dedisse Pinario quem non vidimus; in qua exspectas quidnam praemissus agat Vibullius qui omnino non est visus a Caesare (id altera epistula video te scire ita esse), et quem ad modum redeuntem excipiam Caesarem quem omnino vitare cogito, et †authemonis† fugam intendis commutationemque vitae tuae, quod tibi puto esse faciendum, et ignoras Domitius cum fascibusne sit. quod cum scies, facies ut sciamus. habes ad primam epistulam.
Two letters followed, both given on the day before the Kalends, which have shaken me from my former position — already, as I wrote you above, tottering. Nor do I find any weight in your saying that he is unjust even to Jove himself. For the danger lies in the wrath of each of them; the victory, however, is so uncertain that the worse cause seems to me the better-prepared. Nor do the consuls move me; they themselves are moved more easily than a feather or a leaf. The deliberation over duty tortures me, and has been torturing me up to now. Staying is certainly the safer course; crossing is judged the more honourable. I would sometimes rather have many men think I had acted incautiously than a few think I had acted dishonourably. As for what you ask about Lepidus and Tullus — they have no doubt at all that they will be on hand for Caesar and will come into the Senate. Your most recent letter was given on the Kalends, in which you wish for a meeting and do not despair of peace. But I, while writing these things, was thinking that they would neither meet, nor, if they had met, would Pompey come round to any terms. As for what you seem not to doubt — that if the consuls cross over, we know what we must do — certainly they are crossing, or, as things stand now, have crossed. But remember that, with the exception of Appius, there is hardly anyone who has not the right of crossing. For either they are vested with imperium — like Pompey, like Scipio, Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, Sestius, the consuls themselves, to whom by ancestral custom it is permitted to enter all the provinces — or they are their legates. But I am deciding nothing; what is pleasing to you, and what is in some manner right, I understand. I should write more, if I could myself. But, as it seems to me, I shall be able to in two days. A copy of the letter of Cornelius Balbus, which I received on the same day as yours, I have sent on to you, that you might grieve on my behalf, when you saw me being made a laughingstock.
secutae sunt duae pr. Kal. ambae datae quae me convellerunt de pristino statu iam tamen, ut ante ad te scripsi, labantem. nec me movet quod scribis Iovi ipsi iniquum. nam periculum in utriusque iracundia positum est, victoria autem ita incerta ut deterior causa paratior mihi esse videatur. nec me consules movent qui ipsi pluma aut folio facilius moventur. offici me deliberatio cruciat cruciavitque adhuc. cautior certe est mansio, honestior existimatur traiectio. malo interdum multi me non caute quam pauci non honeste fecisse existiment. de Lepido et Tullo quod quaeris, illi vero non dubitant quin Caesari praesto futuri in senatumque venturi sint recentissima tua est epistula Kal. data, in qua optas congressum pacemque non desperas. sed ego cum haec scribebam, nec illos congressuros nec, si congressi essent, Pompeium ad ullam condicionem accessurum putabam. quod videris non dubitare, si consules transeant, quid nos facere oporteat, certe transeunt vel, quo modo nunc est, transierunt. sed memento praeter Appium neminem esse fere qui non ius habeat transeundi. nam aut cum imperio sunt ut Pompeius, ut Scipio, Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, Sestius, ipsi consules quibus more maiorum concessum est vel omnis adire provincias, aut legati sunt eorum. sed nihil decerno; quid placeat tibi et quid prope modum rectum sit intellego. plura scriberem, si ipse possem. sed, ut mihi videor, potero biduo. Balbi Corneli litterarum exemplum quas eodem die accepi quo tuas misi ad te, ut meam vicem doleres, cum me derideri videres.

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