Ad Familiares 4.1
Ad Familiares 4.1
Headnote
Cicero to Servius Sulpicius Rufus, written from one of the family properties — the brother Quintus’s estate at Laterium or Arcanum — around the Nones of April 49 BC, Perseus dateline Scr. in Laterio aut Arcano Q. Ciceronis circ. Non. Apr. a. 705 (49). Caesar has crossed the Rubicon three months earlier and has now driven Pompey out of Italy and left for Spain to face the Pompeian legions there; the consuls and the bulk of the Senate have followed Pompey across the Adriatic. Cicero, still in Italy and still undecided, has fallen back from the suburbs of Rome to the countryside in Campania and Latium. Sulpicius, consul of 51 and the most respected jurist of the age, is in the same paralysed position — in or near Rome, advocating peace, ill, and uncertain whether or how to attend the rump Senate Caesar is convening.
The letter is the opening of a correspondence between the two leading neutrals of the crisis. Sulpicius has asked through their common friend G. Trebatius whether they might meet to take counsel “about the duty of each of us” — the phrase de officio utriusque nostrum is precisely the Stoic technical term Cicero will work to death in De Officiis five years later. Cicero replies in the same key: not how to salvage anything of their old standing, but “how to mourn the most honourably we can.” The reference to “the man who was asking me to imitate your example” is to Caesar himself, who had pressed Cicero to come to Rome and attend the senate cum dignitate; Cicero made clear he would say what Sulpicius had said — against the war, against the marching on the Spains. “A meeting of senators,” conventus senatorum, is Cicero’s deliberate refusal to call Caesar’s gathering a Senate.