Letter · 19 August 58 BC · Thessalonicae

Ad Atticum 3.15

Ad Atticum 3.15

Headnote

Cicero to Atticus, written from Thessalonica on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of September (19 August) 58 BC — the longest of the surviving Thessalonican letters and the bitterest. Four letters from Atticus have arrived together on the Ides of August, and Cicero answers each in turn: §2 to the rebuke for weakness of mind, §3 to the news of the Senate proceedings (Curio read out a hostile speech — whose origin is unknown — which contradicts what Atticus had written), §4 to Varro’s report of Pompey, opening into Cicero’s longest self-rebuke and most pointed reproach to Atticus.

The famous lines are in §4–5: “caeci, caeci inquam fuimus” — “Blind, blind I say we were” in the public mourning and the supplication of the people; and the regret that no one was at hand, when he was terrified by Pompey’s “stinted answer,” to call him back from a disgraceful counsel — “either I should have fallen with honour, or we should be living today as victors.” §7 turns directly on Atticus: “you, who, even if you did not have more talent than I had, were certainly less frightened.” Atticus, the letter implies, is now bearing in the shipwreck the labours that earlier presence of mind would have spared him; the warmth of §8 takes the edge off but does not retract the charge. The technical part of the letter is §5–6 on the Clodian privilegium — the law against Cicero by name — and whether to abrogate it directly or set it aside through a senatorial decree.

On the Ides of August I received four letters sent from you: one in which you take me to task and ask me to be more steady; another in which you say that a freedman of Crassus’s told you of my anxiety and the wasting of my body; a third in which you set out the proceedings in the Senate; a fourth on the matter, as you write, in which Varro has confirmed to you what Pompey is minded to do.
accepi Idibus Sextilibus quattuor epistulas a te missas, unam qua me obiurgas et rogas ut sim firmior, alteram qua Crassi libertum ais tibi de mea sollicitudine macieque narrasse, tertiam qua demonstras acta in senatu, quartam de eo quod a Varrone scribis tibi esse confirmatum de voluntate Pompei.
To the first I write this in answer: that I grieve in such a way that I am not in the least deserted by my mind, but I grieve at this very thing — that, having so firm a mind, I have no men to use it with, no men with whom. For if you, without your grief, do not lack me alone, what do you think of me, who lack both you and everything? And if you, safe yourself, miss me, how do you suppose that I myself miss safety itself? I do not want to recall what I have been stripped of: not only because the things are not unknown to you, but also that I may not myself reopen my grief. This I affirm: that no one has been deprived of such goods, nor fallen into such miseries. Time, moreover, not only does not lighten this grief but increases it. Other griefs are softened by length of years: this one cannot but be daily increased, by the feel of the present misery and the recollection of the life that was. For it is not only my own things, my own people that I miss, but myself. What, after all, am I? But I will not bring myself either to wear down your spirit with complaining, or to bring my hands again and again to my own wounds. As to your clearing of those whom I had written had envied me, Cato among them — I think that man was so far from that villainy that what I most grieve at is this: that the pretence of others had more weight with me than his good faith. As to your clearing the rest, if they are acceptable to you, they ought to be acceptable to me. But these are things we discuss too late.
ad primam tibi hoc scribo, me ita dolere ut non modo a mente non deserar sed id ipsum doleam, me tam firma mente ubi utar et quibuscum non habere. nam si tu me uno non sine maerore cares, quid me censes qui et te et omnibus? et si tu incolumis me requiris, quo modo a me ipsam incolumitatem desiderari putas? nolo commemorare quibus rebus sim spoliatus, non solum quia non ignoras sed etiam ne rescindam ipse dolorem meum; hoc confirmo neque tantis bonis esse privatum quemquam neque in tantas miserias incidisse. dies autem non modo non levat luctum hunc sed etiam auget. nam ceteri dolores mitigantur vetustate, hic non potest non et sensu praesentis miseriae et recordatione praeteritae vitae cotidie augeri. desidero enim non mea solum neque meos sed me ipsum. quid enim sum? sed non faciam ut aut tuum animum angam querelis aut meis vulneribus saepius manus adferam. nam quod purgas eos quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse et in eis Catonem, ego vero tantum illum puto ab isto scelere afuisse ut maxime doleam plus apud me simulationem aliorum quam istius fidem valuisse. ceteros quod purgas, debent mihi probati esse, tibi si sunt. sed haec sero agimus.
Of Crassus’s freedman I think nothing was honestly said. You write that the matter was well handled in the Senate. But what of Curio? Did he not read that speech? Where it has come out from, I do not know. Axius, writing to me of the proceedings of the same day, does not so praise Curio. He can let some things slip; you, certainly, will not have written what was not the case. Varro’s conversation makes one expect Caesar. Would that Varro himself would lean his weight into the cause! And surely he will, both of his own accord and with you pressing.
Crassi libertum nihil puto sincere locutum. in senatu rem probe scribis actam. sed quid Curio? an illam orationem non legit? quae unde sit prolata nescio. sed Axius eiusdem diei scribens ad me acta non ita laudat Curionem. at potest ille aliquid praetermittere, tu, nisi quod erat, profecto non scripsisti. Varronis sermo facit exspectationem Caesaris. atque utinam ipse Varro incumbat in causam! quod profecto cum sua sponte tum te instante faciet.
If fortune ever puts me again in possession of you and of my country, I shall surely bring it about that you, alone of all my friends, shall rejoice the most. The duties and zealous services I owed you, which shone too little before — one must confess it — I shall so carry through that you will think me restored to you on the same footing as to my brother and to our children. If I have offended you in anything — or rather, since I have offended — pardon me; for I have offended myself far more harshly. I do not write this because I do not know that you have been struck by my disaster with the greatest grief; but surely, if you should have loved and ought to have loved me as much as you do love me and did love me, you would never have let me go without the counsel in which you abounded, nor have let me be persuaded that the law about the colleges, of all things, was useful to us. As it was, you only gave my grief tears, which was an act of love — just as I myself gave it. What my deserts could have brought about — that day and night you should be considering what I had to do — that was passed over, and by my crime, not yours. For if not you alone, but anyone, had been there to call me back, when I was terrified by Pompey’s stinted answer, from a most disgraceful counsel — a thing which only you, or chiefly you, could have done — either I should have fallen with honour, or we should be living today as victors. Forgive me here. For I am accusing myself far more, and you only as a second self and at the same time a partner in my own fault. And if I am restored, even our offence will look the smaller; and you and I, certainly, shall love each other from now on by your service alone, since by no service of mine.
ego si me aliquando vestri et patriae compotem fortuna fecerit, certe efficiam ut maxime laetere unus ex omnibus amicis meaque officia et studia quae parum antea luxerunt (fatendum est enim) sic exsequar ut me aeque tibi ac fratri et liberis nostris restitutum putes. si quid in te peccavi ac potius quoniam peccavi ignosce; in me enim ipsum peccavi vehementius. neque haec eo scribo quo te non meo casu maximo dolore esse adfectum sciam, sed profecto, si quantum me amas et amasti tantum amare deberes ac debuisses, numquam esses passus me quo tu abundabas egere consilio nec esses passus mihi persuaderi utile nobis esse legem de collegiis perferri. sed tu tantum lacrimas praebuisti dolori meo, quod erat amoris, tam quam ipse ego; quod meritis meis perfectum potuit, ut dies et noctes quid mihi faciendum esset cogitares, id abs te meo non tuo scelere praetermissum est. quod si non modo tu sed quisquam fuisset qui me Pompei minus liberali responso perterritum a turpissimo consilio revocaret, quod unus tu facere maxime potuisti, aut occubuissem honeste aut victores hodie viveremus. hic mihi ignosces; me enim ipsum multo magis accuso, deinde te quasi me alterum et simul meae culpae socium quaero. ac si restituor, etiam minus videbimur deliquisse abs teque certe quoniam nullo nostro tuo ipsius beneficio diligemur.
As for what you write of having spoken with Culleo about the privilegium: there is something in that, but it is far better to have it abrogated. If no one obstructs, that way is firmer; and if any man shall not allow it to be carried, the same will obstruct a senatorial decree as well. And nothing more is needed than that it be abrogated — for the earlier law did me no harm. Had I been willing, when it was promulgated, either to praise it, or to neglect it as it ought to have been neglected, it could have done me no hurt at all. Here, for the first time, my own judgement failed me — and not only failed but did me harm. Blind, I say blind, we were in changing our dress, in entreating the people. Once it had not begun to be moved against me by name, to do these things was destruction. But I keep going back to the past — and for this one reason: that, if anything is to be moved, you may not touch the law in which there are many popular provisions.
quod te cum Culleone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid sed multo est melius abrogari. si enim nemo impediet, sic est firmius; sin erit qui ferri non sinat, idem senatus consulto intercedet. nec quicquam aliud opus est quam abrogari; nam prior lex nos nihil laedebat. quam si ut est promulgata laudare voluissemus aut ut erat neglegenda neglegere, nocere omnino nobis non potuisset. hic mihi primum meum consilium defuit sed etiam obfuit. caeci, caeci inquam fuimus in vestitu mutando, in populo rogando, quod nisi nominatim mecum agi coeptum esset fieri perniciosum fuit. sed pergo praeterita verum tamen ob hanc causam ut, si quid agetur, legem illam in qua popularia multa sunt ne tangatis.
But it is foolish of me to be telling you what you should do, or how. Would only that something were being done! In which very thing your letters hide much, I think, lest I be too violently shaken by despair. For what do you see can be done, or how? Through the Senate? But you yourself wrote that Clodius had fixed a clause of the law on the doorpost of the Curia, that nothing should be referred or said about it. How then did Domitius say he would refer it? How was Clodius silent when those men whom you write of were both speaking on the matter and demanding that it be referred? And if it goes through the people, will it be possible without the consent of all the tribunes? What of my goods? what of my house? Can either be restored? Or if not, how shall I myself be? Unless you see all this set in train, into what hope are you calling me? But if there is no hope, what life is there for me? So I am waiting at Thessalonica for the proceedings of the Kalends of August, on the strength of which I shall decide either to take refuge in your fields — to be away from men I do not wish to see, and to see you, as you write, and to be nearer if anything is being done (and I understand that this is the wish both of you and of my brother Quintus) — or to go off to Cyzicus.
verum est stultum me praecipere quid agatis aut quo modo. utinam modo agatur aliquid! in quo ipso multa occultant tuae litterae, credo, ne vehementius desperatione perturber. quid enim vides agi posse aut quo modo? per senatumne? at tute scripsisti ad me quoddam caput legis Clodium in curiae poste fixisse, ne referri neve dici liceret. quo modo igitur Domitius se dixit relaturum? quo modo autem iis quos tu scribis et de re dicentibus et ut referretur postulantibus Clodius tacuit? ac si per populum, poteritne nisi de omnium tribunorum pl. sententia? quid de bonis? quid de domo? poteritne restitui? aut si non poterit, egomet quo modo potero? haec nisi vides expediri, quam in spem me vocas? sin autem spei nihil est, quae est mihi vita? itaque exspecto Thessalonicae acta Kal. Sext., ex quibus statuam in tuosne agros confugiam, ut neque videam homines quos nolim et te, ut scribis, videam et propius sim si quid agatur, idque intellexi cum tibi tum Quinto fratri placere, an abeam Cyzicum.
Now, Pomponius, since you imparted nothing of your good judgement to my safety — because either you had decided that there was counsel enough in me alone, or that you owed me nothing further than to be at hand — and since I, betrayed, drawn on, flung into the snare, neglected all my defences, abandoned and left all Italy when she was already on her feet to defend me, gave myself and mine over to my enemies, with you looking on and silent — you, who, even if you did not have more talent than I had, were certainly less frightened: if you can, raise up the men brought low, and help us in that; but if everything is blocked, see to that very thing, that we know it, and stop at last either rebuking me or jointly consoling me. If I were accusing your good faith, I would not be the man to commit myself to your roof of all places. I accuse my own madness, in supposing that I was loved by you as much as I would have wished. Had this been so, you would have brought to bear the same good faith, but greater care — you would surely have held me back as I rushed to my own destruction — you would not now be undertaking these labours that you take up in our shipwreck.
nunc, Pomponi, quoniam nihil impertisti tuae prudentiae ad salutem meam, quod aut in me ipso satis esse consili decreras aut te nihil plus mihi debere quam ut praesto esses, quoniamque ego proditus, inductus, coniectus in fraudem omnia mea praesidia neglexi, totam Italiam iam erectam ad me defendendum destitui et reliqui, me, meos meis tradidi inimicis inspectante et tacente te qui, si non plus ingenio valebas quam ego, certe timebas minus, si potes, erige adflictos et in eo nos iuva; sin omnia sunt obstructa, id ipsum fac ut sciamus et nos aliquando aut obiurgare aut communiter consolari desine. ego si tuam fidem accusarem, non me potissimum tuis tectis crederem; meam amentiam accuso quod me a te tantum amari quantum ego vellem putavi. quod si fuisset, fidem eandem, curam maiorem adhibuisses, me certe ad exitium praecipitantem retinuisses, istos labores quos nunc in naufragiis nostris suscipis non subisses.
Therefore see to it that you write me everything closely examined and explored, and that you want me, as you do, to be somebody — since what I was, and what I could have been, I cannot now be. Take it that by this letter you have been accused not by me, but I myself by myself. If there are men to whom you think a letter in my name should be sent, I should wish you to write them out and see to their being sent. Sent the fourteenth day before the Kalends of September.
qua re fac ut omnia ad me perspecta et explorata perscribas meque, ut facis, velis esse aliquem, quoniam qui fui et qui esse potui iam esse non possum, et ut his litteris non te sed me ipsum a me esse accusatum putes. si qui erunt quibus putes opus esse meo nomine litteras dari, velim conscribas curesque dandas. data x iiii Kal. Sept.

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Ad Atticum 3.15

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