Letter · 18 January 56 BC · Romae

Ad Familiares 1.4

Ad Familiares 1.4

Headnote

Cicero to Lentulus Spinther, written from Rome around the fifteenth day before the Kalends of February (18 January) 56 BC, the day after Fam. 1.2. The third dispatch of the week. The Bibulus three-legate motion already broken; the Volcacius-Pompey motion blocked by the procedural calumnies of Curio, Caninius, and Cato (who declared they would carry no law before the elections). The Lex Pupia (a senatorial-procedure law of the late Republic) blocked Senate business before the Kalends of February and bound February itself to embassies — so the chamber would yield no further decision until late in the month at earliest. The keynote of §2 is the public reading of the Sibylline manoeuvre: people see that the religion was brought in by Lentulus’s enviers, less to block him than to keep anyone else (read: Pompey) from coveting the Egyptian command for the army. The closing line is the most rhetorically charged of the three letters — “if I were to pour out my life for your standing, I should still seem to have reached no part of what you have deserved” — and the practical confession that violence is the one thing he cannot guarantee against, given how weak the magistrates are.

On the sixteenth day before the Kalends of February, when we were standing very fairly in the Senate — since we had on the day before broken that opinion of Bibulus about the three legates, and one contest was left, the opinion of Volcacius — the matter was drawn out by our opponents through various calumnies. For we were holding the cause, in a full Senate, with no great variation, and with great unpopularity falling on those who were transferring the royal cause from you to another. That day we had Curio sour, Bibulus much fairer, even almost a friend; Caninius and Cato declared they would carry no law before the elections. The Senate cannot be held before the Kalends of February under the Lex Pupia, as you know; nor through the whole month of February except after the embassies have been finished or rejected.
A. d. xvi K. Febr. cum in senatu pulcherrime staremus, quod iam illam sententiam Bibuli de tribus legatis pridie eius diei fregeramus, unumque certamen esset relictum sententia Volcaci, res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis; causam enim frequenti senatu non magna varietate magnaque invidia eorum, qui a te causam regiam alio traferebant, obtinebamus. eo die acerbum habuimus Curionem, Bibulum multo iustiorem, paene etiam amicum; Caninius et Cato negarunt se legem ullam ante comitia esse laturos. senatus haberi ante K. Februarias per legem Pupiam, id quod scis, non potest neque mense Febr. toto nisi perfectis aut reiectis legationibus.
This, however, is the Roman people’s opinion: that the name of feigned religious scruple has been brought in by your enviers and detractors, not so much to obstruct you, as to keep anyone from wishing to go to Alexandria out of greed for an army. As to your standing, there is no one who does not judge that the Senate has had regard to it; for there is no one who does not know that the failure to come to a vote was the work of your opponents. If they now, in the people’s name — but in fact through the most criminal banditry of tribunes — attempt anything, I have provided sufficiently that they should not be able to act with the auspices unbroken, or the laws unbroken, or even without violence.
haec tamen opinio. est populi Romani, a tuis invidis atque obtrectatoribus nomen inductum fictae religionis, non tam ut te impediret, quam ut ne quis propter exercitus cupiditatem Alexandriam vellet ire. dignitatis autem tuae nemo est quin existimet habitam esse rationem ab senatu; nemo est enim, qui nesciat, quo minus discessio fieret, per adversarios tuos esse factum; qui nunc populi nomine, re autem vera sceleratissimo tribunorum latrocinio si quae conabuntur agere, satis mi provisum est, ut ne quid salvis auspiciis aut legibus aut etiam sine vi agere possent.
I think I need not write about my own zeal nor about the injuries of certain men. For what should I either parade myself — I who, if I were to pour out my life for your standing, should still seem to have reached no part of what you have deserved — or complain of others’ injuries, which I cannot do without the deepest pain? I cannot guarantee you against violence, especially with magistrates this powerless; violence excepted, I can affirm that, by the highest zeal of the Senate and the Roman people, you will keep your distinction.
ego neque de meo studio neque de non nullorum iniuria scribendum mihi esse arbitror; quid enim aut me ostentem, qui, si vitam pro tua dignitate profundam, nullam partem videar meritorum tuorum adsecutus, aut de aliorum iniuriis querar, quod sine summo dolore facere non possum? ego tibi a vi, hac praesertim imbecillitate magistratuum, praestare nihil possum; vi excepta possum confirmare te et senatus et populi Romani summo studio amplitudinem tuam retenturum.

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Ad Familiares 1.4

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