Letter · 30 April 50 BC · Romae

Ad Familiares 8.11

Ad Familiares 8.11

Headnote

M. Caelius Rufus to Cicero in Cilicia, written from Rome at the end of April or the beginning of May 50 BC (manuscript dateline Scr. Romae ex. m. Apr. aut in. Mai. a. 704 (50)). The letter is given over almost entirely to the senatorial fight over the public supplications voted for Cicero’s Amanus campaign. The new tribune C. Scribonius Curio, hitherto an ally of the optimates, has crossed the floor to Caesar’s interest, and his veto-power over supplicationes had become the bargaining chip in a wider struggle over Caesar’s provincial command. Caelius, brokering between Curio and the consuls, secures Cicero his decree only by getting the consuls to undertake not to act on it — neither posting the edict nor wearing the laurelled robe — this year. Even so the inventory of who voted how, who spoke honourably, and who obstructed is precisely the kind of city report Cicero, far away in Tarsus, has been asking him for.

The political news in the second half of the letter is the bombshell of 50 BC: Curio has switched sides, the quarrel between Pompey and Caesar has now narrowed to the single question of when Caesar lays down his army and his province, and the optimate party — "our friends, whom you know well" — is failing to push the matter to a head. Caelius’s voice is younger and terser than Cicero’s, less oratorical, more straightforwardly political: he reports without sentiment, hands out his thanks "according to each man’s nature and style," and closes with the verdict that Caesar will keep his command "as long as he pleases" unless the Senate finds the nerve to act. The closing paragraph attends to Cicero’s running private business with Sittius and refers him to the acta diurna for the rest.

Your supplications gave us a sharp wringing — not a long one, but a sharp one. We had run up against an awkward knot. Curio, devoted to you as he is, was being stripped on every count of his comitial days, and would have it that he could on no terms allow supplications to be decreed: he did not want it to look as though, by his own fault, he had thrown away what he had gained from Paulus’s fit of temper, and to be reckoned a collusive prosecutor of the public cause. So we came down to a compromise, and the consuls have given their word that this year they will make no use of these supplications. There is plain reason to thank both consuls — Paulus the more, certainly: for Marcellus’s answer to him was that he had no hopes in those supplications anyway, whereas Paulus said outright that he would post no edict at all this year.
non diu sed acriter nos tuae supplicationes torserunt; incideramus enim in difficilem nodum. nam Curio tui cupidissimus, quoi omnibus rationibus comitiales dies eripiebantur, negabat se ullo modo pati posse decerni supplicationes, ne quod furore Pauli adeptus esset boni sua culpa videretur amisisse et praevaricator causae publicae existimaretur. itaque ad pactionem descendimus, et confirmarunt consules se his supplicationibus in hunc annum non usuros. plane quod utrasque consulibus gratias agas est, Paulo magis certe; nam Marcellus sic respondit ei, spem in istis supplicationibus non habere, Paulus, se omnino in hunc annum non edicturum.
We had had word that Hirrus meant to spin out a long speech. We laid hands on him; he not only stood down, but, when the victims came up for debate and he could have wrecked the business by demanding that they be counted, he held his tongue — merely siding with Cato, who had spoken honourably of you but voted against decreeing the supplications. Favonius made a third with these. Each man, then, should be thanked according to his nature and his style: these, because they made only a demonstration of goodwill — their vote went one way, but when they could have obstructed they did not press the fight; Curio, however, because for your sake he deflected the whole course of his proceedings. Furnius and Lentulus, as they ought, made the rounds and put their backs into it as if it were their own affair. I can praise also the diligence and good offices of Cornelius Balbus: he had a fierce word with Curio, told him that if he acted otherwise he would be doing Caesar an injury, and finally cast suspicion on his good faith. The Domitii and Scipios voted for the decree and were unwilling to drop the matter; when these men, by their interrupting, were trying to provoke an interposition, Curio came back at them most charmingly — that he was all the more glad not to interpose his veto, since he saw that certain of those voting did not wish the thing to go through.
renuntiatum nobis erat Hirrum diutius dicturum. prendimus eum; non modo non fecit sed, cum de hostiis ageretur et posset rem impedire si ut numeraretur postularet, tacuit; tantum Catoni adsensus est, qui de te locutus honorifice non decrerat supplicationes. tertius ad hos Favonius accessit. qua re pro cuiusque natura et instituto gratiae sunt agendae, his, quod tantum voluntatem ostenderunt, pro sententia cum impedire possent non pugnarunt, Curioni vero, quod de suarum actionum cursu tua causa deflexit. nam Furnius et Lentulus, ut debuerunt, quasi eorum res esset, una nobiscum circumierunt et laborarunt. Balbi quoque Corneli operam et sedulitatem laudare possum; nam cum Curione vehementer locutus est et eum, si aliter fecisset, iniuriam Caesari facturum dixit, tum eius fidem in suspicionem adduxit. decrerant quidem neque transigi volebant Domitii, Scipiones. quibus hac re ad intercessionem evocandam interpellantibus venustissime Curio respondit se eo libentius non intercedere, quod quosdam qui decernerent videret confici nolle.
As to the commonwealth, the whole struggle has come down to a single issue: the provinces. On this front, so far, Pompey and the Senate seem to be bent on having Caesar lay down his command on the Ides of November. Curio is determined to undergo anything sooner than allow that, and has thrown his other proceedings overboard. Our friends, on the other hand — whom you know well — did not dare to push the matter to a final showdown. The whole staging is this: Pompey, as though he were not attacking Caesar but only settling what he thinks fair to him, says that Curio is trying to stir up discord. He is, however, strongly opposed to Caesar’s becoming consul-designate before he has handed over his army and his province, and frankly afraid of it. Curio is receiving him pretty roughly, and Pompey’s whole second consulship is being raked over. Mark this from me: if they press Curio on every point, Caesar will defend his veto-man; if — as it looks — they shy off, Caesar will stay on as long as he pleases.
quod ad rem publicam attinet, in unam causam omnis contentio conlecta est de provinciis; in quam adhuc incubuisse cum senatu Pompeius videtur ut Caesar Id. Nov. decedat; Curio omnia potius subire constituit quam id pati, ceteras suas abiecit actiones. nostri porro, quos tu bene nosti, ad extremum certamen rem deducere non audebant. scaena rei totius haec: Pompeius, tamquam Caesarem non impugnet sed quod illi aequum putet constituat, ait Curionem quaerere discordias, valde autem non vult et plane timet Caesarem cos. desig. prius, quam exercitum et provinciam tradiderit. accipitur satis male a Curione et totus eius secundus consulatus exagitatur. hoc tibi dico: si omnibus rebus prement Curionem, Caesar defendet intercessorem; si, quod videntur, reformidarint, Caesar quoad volet manebit.
Who voted which way is in the city journal; from that pick out what is worth your time, and skip much — in particular the catcalls at the games, the funerals, and the rest of the trivia. It carries plenty of useful matter; on balance I prefer to err on this side — that you should hear some things you have no need of — rather than that anything you need should be left out. I am glad you have taken care of the Sittius business; but since you suspect that the men gave you the impression of less than perfect good faith, please act in it as if you were the principal yourself.
quam quisque sententiam dixerit, in commentario est rerum urbanarum; ex quo tu quae digna sunt selige; multa transi, in primis ludorum explosiones et funerum et ineptiarum ceterarum. plura habet utilia; denique malo in hanc partem errare, ut quae non desideres audias, quam quicquam quod opus est praetermittatur. tibi curae fuisse de Sittiano negotio gaudeo; sed quoniam suspicaris minus certa fide eos tibi visos, tamquam procurator sic agas rogo.

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Ad Familiares 8.11

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